政府

With the development of political civilization and the awakening of neighborhood committee ,the government has to exclude neighborhood committee from the system of administration.

政治文明的崛起和居委会的觉醒使政府不得不把居委会从政府行政体系中卸载下来，而居委会功能的不可替代性、政府的现实困境以及社区自理能力的不足又使政府难以割舍居委会。

Considering the importance of governmental participation in the farmer cooperative economic organization development,the paper holds that at the initial period,growing period and mature period of the farmer′s cooperative economy organization,government need keep up improving its functions by respectively acting as nurturer,supporter and night watcher.

摘 要：农民合作经济组织与政府之间的关系对合作组织的发展有着至关重要的影响。政府参与是我国农民合作经济组织发展的必要条件，政府应依照农民合作经济组织发展的初期、成长期、成熟期三个阶段的特性来对自己的职能进行动态定位，以哺育、扶持、守夜人身份执行政府职能。

This opaqueness makes it more difficult for equity and debt holders to exert corporate governance of banks and it can weaken competitive forces in the product market and the market for corporate control.

除了银行的不透明之外，政府力量在银行部门的存在对于各种公司治理机制有着深刻的影响：存款保险制度或隐性的政府担保降低了债权人监督银行的激励；对银行业的规制和监管限制了银行业的竞争和并购行为：而政府成为银行的所有者则使政府不再是一个独立的监督者，并且极大地削弱了私人部门对银行进行监督的激励，也极大地抑制了银行业的竞争。

To ensure the limitedgovernment's power, it is necessary to build up citizen society so as to replace some parts of the management function carried outby government.

为确保政府权力的有限，有必要构建市民社会，以代替政府行使部分管理社会的职能，并制约和抗衡政府权力，实现与政府权力平衡，从而保证市场经济的健康发展。

Owners find the Government's aim is to seek government and legal support to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, we are law-abiding citizens, we believe that the Government, we have taken the normal procedures, but mutual prevarication by the government after the owners also caught in the confusion.

业主找政府的目的是寻求政府和法律上的支持来维护自己的合法权益，我们是守法的公民，我们相信政府，我们采取正常的程序，但是被政府相互推诿后业主也陷入了迷茫之中。

Before reform and opening-up, inter-governmental competition of our country, behave in the local government wanting the financial from central government , wanting the project , wanting the index and the so-called " inter-governmental system competition of recessiveness " respect mainly, on the whole the inter-governmental competition is scarce.

改革开放之前，我国政府间竞争，主要表现在地方政府向中央政府要财源、要项目、要指标以及所谓的"隐性的政府间制度竞争"方面，政府间竞争总体来说是缺乏的。

The CCFG is a kind of economical activity with positive externality, its final products offered -the ecological benefits belong to the pure public goods, the nature of the economical compensation is to internalize the externality of the CCFG, so an economical compensation mechanism should be established with the government playing a leading role. The compensation receivers should be not only peasant households but also the county-level authority that performs the project. Besides central government, the compensation payers should still include the provincial-level governments who implement the project, the provincial-level governments of those beneficiary areas of midstream and downstream of basin, international organizations, enterprises and individuals, etc. Multiple channels of raising funds for the program should be worked out and the practice method should be transformed. Thediversified compensation ways should be chosen. In reality, insufficient compensation is the normality, the cost compensation may have more maneuverability. The decision-maker should carry on proper adjustment to the compensation standard, taking into account the factors about the environment conditions, the social-economic conditions, the ecological function of vegetation, etc. and make out different compensation criterions for different areas and different levels. The author puts forward it should be kept the policy of financial subsidies to the farmers who reforest ecological forest for a long term, should prolong the compensation time frameworks to the farmers who reforest economical forest.

本文认为，退耕还林还草是一项具有正外部性的经济活动，其提供的最终产品—生态效益属典型公共产品，经济补偿的实质就是要实现这种外部性的内部化，故应构建以政府为主导的经济补偿机制；补偿对象除了退耕农户以外，还应包括实施退耕还林还草的县级政府；补偿主体除中央政府外，还需将退耕地区省级政府、流域中下游受益地区的省级政府、国际社会、企业和个人等纳入其中；多渠道筹措退耕还林还草补偿投入资金，切实转变经济补偿的运作方式；选择相互协调、相互补充的多样化补偿方式；现实中，不充分补偿是常态，实行成本补偿更具可操作性；应对补偿标准进行适当调整，在综合考虑退耕地区自然环境条件、社会经济状况以及林草植被的生态功能等多种因素的基础上，制定分区分级补偿标准：对还生态林应采取长期补偿政策，对还经济林也要适当延长补偿年限。

Governmental procurement that introduces market competitive system into the repartition and use of finance capital, is an important means to manage public payment.

政府采购将市场竞争机制引入到财政资金的分配和使用中来，通过公开招标采购，从而控制政府支出，保证采购资金的节约使用，实际上是在市场经济条件下对公共支出管理的一种重要手段。在我国，政府采购的观念才刚刚引入，对政府采购制度的研究更是十分薄弱。

According to economic and minimum of transaction cost principle, we must try hard to seek equilibrium of supply among government, market and Non-profit organization and establish diversification of institution arrangement and polycentric system of provision of public goods and public-private rivalship and partnership so as to achieve social optimization of supply of public goods and to meet people's needs and realize public interests.

根据资源优化配置的经济合理性原则和交易成本最小化原则，努力寻求政府、市场和非营利组织在公共物品供给领域的均衡点，构建公共物品提供的政府、市场、非营利组织复合型制度安排与公共物品供给的多中心体制和互补机制；建立政府与市场、政府与非营利组织的竞争——合作伙伴关系，以达到公共物品供给的社会整体最优，满足人们需要、实现公共利益。

I will compress them within the narrowest compass they will bear, staling the general principle, but not all its limitations. Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none; the support of the State governments in all their rights, as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and the surest bulwarks against antirepublican tendencies; the preservation of the General Government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad; a jealous care of the right of election by the people--a mild and safe corrective of abuses which are lopped by the sword of revolution where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent of despotism; a well-disciplined militia, our best reliance in peace and for the first moments of war, till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the civil over the military authority; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burthened; the honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public faith; encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid; the diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public reason; freedom of religion; freedom of the press, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected.

我打算尽量简略地加以陈述，只讲一般原则，而不讲其全部范畴：不管人们的地位、宗教信仰或政治主张有何不同，人人都应得到平等和绝对公正的待遇；与所有国家和平相处，互相通商，并保持诚挚的友谊，但不与任何国家结盟，以免纠缠不清；维护各州政府的一切权利，使它们成为处理我们内政最合适的机构，以及抵制反共和趋势的最有力的屏障；维护全国的政府，使之能充分行使宪法赋予的权力，从而成为对内和平和对外安全的最后堡垒；要十分注意维护人民的选举权，因为革命留下的弊端，一时没有和平的补救办法，而人民选举权乃是对那些弊端的一种温和而安全的矫正手段；要绝对服从多数的决定，这是共和政体的主要原则，离开这个原则，便只好诉诸武力，而这就是专制的主要原则和直接起源；要维持一支纪律严明的民团，以作为和平时期和战争初期的最好依仗，直至正规军来接替；实行文权高於军校的政制；节省政府开支，减轻劳动人民的负担；如实偿还我们的债务，把维护政府的信用看作神圣的义务；促进农业发展，并鼓励以商辅农；传播知识并以公众理智为依据谴责一切弊端；保障宗教自由及出版自由，并以人身保护令以及由公平选出的陪审团进行审判来保障人身自由。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。