政党的

The prime minister can deploy patronage, but this has made his administration into little more than a spoils system in which the individual parties, many with their own militias, use control of government ministries to extract resources for themselves.

总理马利基可以采取委任[4] 的策略，但这已经使得其政府蜕变为十足的政党分肥制[5]的组织：许多独立党派拥有自己的武装组织，他们利用对政府部门的控制，为自己谋取私利。

The man who claims to be a "post-partisan" centrist seems to bechannelling the spirit of William Jennings Bryan, the original Americanpopulist, who thunderously demanded to know "Upon which side shall theDemocratic Party fight—upon the side of 'the idle holders of idlecapital' or upon the side of 'the struggling masses'?"

现在，这个将自己称之为"后政党制度"的中间派的人仿佛开始把美国民粹主义创始人威廉？班扬的思想套用过来。这个威廉？班扬曾经这样令人震惊的质问："民主党到底是为谁而战？是有钱有势又游手好闲的资本家还是劳苦大众？"

Development level of economy was the most crucial factor for transformation of health financing systems.

结果 本系统评价共纳入59 篇文献，经济的发展为各国卫生筹资变革提供了条件，卫生体制出现的问题可以直接导致变革的发生，而政治因素是大多数国家的推动因素，其中韩国是由于民主政治体制下上台政党推动了变革，泰国和德国是由于首相上台而实施的变革，意大利和法国则是由于卫生费用支出过大和卫生系统不公平而导致的变革。

After AlexanderⅡwas assassinated, the liberalism movement transitorily passed through dormant, then got gradually much more radical, and set up own political parties in the turn of the century, and the constitutionalism went into active highly, and the Russia liberalism had also realized the transformation from "old" to "new".

亚历山大二世被刺杀后，在沙皇政府的高压之下，自由主义运动经过短暂的蛰伏便渐趋激进，并于世纪之交组建起了自己的政党组织，知识分子取代贵族成为自由主义运动的主体，立宪主义空前活跃，俄国自由主义也由此实现了从"旧"向"新"的转变。

Labour's hold on Glasgow, long thought to be unshakeable, is weakening.

让曾负有传奇色彩的政党意识到自己的定位是不太可能的，工党主宰着格拉斯哥，长时间的想法是不可能改变的，只有将其减弱。

The ailing leader of one of Iraqi most powerful Shi'ite parties has died at a hospital in Tehran. Close associates said the cleric Abdull Aziz al-Hakim has been seeking treatment for advancing lung cancer since 2007, but his health has recently deteroirated. The 59 yearold was once a heavy smoker.

一直受到疾病折磨的伊拉克最具实力的什叶派政党之一的领导人已在德黑兰的一家医院病逝，与其关系紧密的助手们说阿杜阿齐兹阿哈几姆自2007年以来一直为不断发展的肺癌寻找治疗办法，但近来健康状况每况愈下，他现年59岁，曾经一度抽烟很历害。

They were the specific expressions of the advancedness of CCP during Anti-Japanese War and the basic guarantee of the Chinese people's winning the victory of Anti-Japan...

它们既是中国共产党在抗日战争中的先进性的具体体现，又是中华民族取得抗日战争胜利的最根本的保证；同时，也是中国其他任何政党和组织没有做好、或者是想到而没有做到、甚至是不愿做到的。

Arend Lijphart is a scholar of political science in Holland in 20~ century. This theory challenged the traditional idea that no stable democracy could exist in plural societies. The essence of this theory is that sub-cultural leaders resolve conflicts by power-sharing, elite cooperation and mutual accommodation, so as to achieve compromise and consensus and build up a stable democracy. The mode proposes Moderate Multiparty System (from 3 to 4 parties) and is opposed to British government-versus-opposition pattern emphasizing competition.

该模式的要义在于社会各集团领导人之间选择合作和包容，通过对权力的广泛共享来化解各亚文化社会集团之间的对立和冲突、达成必要的妥协与共识，从而建立起稳定的民主制度，其本质特征是强调精英合作和包容，该模式与强调竞争的英国&政府-反对派&模式相对立，在政党政治方面主张适度多党制。

There is no other way of explaining the CCP's cooperation with Pakistan's leading Islamic party except as a Faustian deal against the backdrop of the ascendancy of the forces of militant Islam in the region.

没有其他解释CCP与巴基斯坦的领先的伊斯兰政党合作的方式在该地区除了在伊斯兰武装分子的部队的统治地位的大背景下作为浮士德式交易。

However, during the study, we found that the factor of Simon宋 has played a crucial role to the transformation of the KMT. This cannot be completely explained by Harmel and Janda's theory. Thus, the author has emphasized the aspect of 'external competition' i.e.

因此笔者尝试从「外部竞争」（亦即「与他党的竞争合作关系」）的角度，方足以更完整的诠释民国八十九年后国民党所面临的处境，试图对Harmel and Janda的政党变迁理论适用在台湾的国民党身上进行修正。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。