政党的

The conclusion is that the European political party's federation is a special transnational cooperation organization in the context of European integration.

特别是后者，由于产生的直接原因是欧州议会直接选举，而被认为是欧州政党发展的一个新阶段。欧州一体化的乐观主义者甚至因此而发出"政党之欧洲"的预言①。

If an election is to be determined by a majority of a single vote, and that can be procured by a party through artifice or corruption, the Government may be the choice of a party for its own ends, not of the nation for the national good. If that solitary suffrage can be obtained by foreign nations by flattery or menaces, by fraud or violence, by terror, intrigue, or venality, the Government may not be the choice of the American people, but of foreign nations.

如果选举需由一人一票的多数票来决定胜负，而一个政党可以通过欺骗和腐蚀来达到目的，那么这个政府就有可能是政党为自身目的而做出的选择，而不是国家为全国利益而做出的选择；如果其他国家有可能通过奉承或胁迫，欺诈或暴力，通过恐怖、阴谋或收买等伎俩控制了这次选举，那么这个政府就可能不是美国人民做出的选择，而是其他国家做出的选择。

As a necessary component in the socialistdemocratic political framework which is getting more and more perfect during the process of our reform ,political party system plays avital role in the construction of socialist democracy .

不同国家由于社会制度和执政党的阶级属性不同，其政党政治所体现的民主政治的性质、内容、范围和程度也就不同，所实行的政党制度和政治法律制度也必然会有本质的区别。

By doing this, they expected to nominate electable candidates. However, this move has been controversial, critics charging it with some flaws: 1 those who won in the poll did not necessarily electable in general elections; 2 only Taiwan's political parties adopted the survey method; 3 the political parties lost the power over candidate selection; 4 it worsened the illegal practices of violence and vote-buying; 5 it favored incumbents and high-publicity aspirants; and, 6 some unsuccessful aspirants insisted on running as mavericks, thereby thwarting party cohesion.

针对各党实施初选民调的情形，反对者所持之理由可归纳为：其一，初选民调获胜的候选人并不必然在大选中具备强势的竞争能力；其二，迄今唯有我国政党施行初选民调；其三，政党丧失「选才」的重要权力；其四，使得选风更加恶化；其五，初选民调将使得在职者与颇具声望者占尽优势；其六，破坏党内团结，且落败者仍可能执意参选到底。

During the whole 20th century, the formation.development and evolvement of Iran＇s political parties and the system went through a very flexuous course, which became the major embodiment and content of the country＇s political modernization and promoted its development.

在整个20世纪，伊朗政党与政党制度的形成、发展和演变，经历了一个十分曲折的过程，成为伊朗政治现代化的表现和主要内容，推动了伊朗政治现代化的进程。

There has grown up in Tibet a pro-Chinese party, traditionally headed by the PANCHEN LAMA, which relies on Chinese aid to make head against the claim of the DALAI LAMA to be supreme ruler of the country; this party is powerful when the central Government of China is strong, but its leaders go into exile when the DALAI LAMA and his supporters throw off Chinese influence.

在西藏一个亲中的政党已得到发展，一直由班禅喇嘛领导，他依靠中国的资助回击自称西藏最高领导人的达赖喇嘛。当中国政府强大的时候班禅喇嘛的政党就强大，不过当领导人逃亡时达赖喇嘛及其支持者摆脱了中国的影响。

The crux of the matter here is, how can a party leader who opts to concentrate on party affairs, relegating the political affairs to second tier leaders, be able to lead the party effectively in flexing its political power and achieving its political ambitions?

问题是假如一个政党，不管是那个政党，的领袖只专注党务而不务政务，他将如何能有效的领导党在政治上施展它的政治力量和达至它的政治抱负呢？

Taiwan's party system has experienced dramatic change since the 2000 presidential election. The linkage between the electorate and political parties has also been reshuffled.

台湾的政党体系在2000年总统选举之后经历重大的变化，在此变化的过程当中，民众与政党之间的连结关系也跟著改变。

In contrast a workers' party can offer its members nothing: neither sinecures nor material benefits, such as the bourgeois parties employ simply to buy off their clients in case they should be hesitant in their support.

工人阶级的政党不能给自己的党员提供任何东西，既不能提供闲职也不能提供物质利益，与之相比，资产阶级政党则用这些来雇用并收买他们的成员，以防他们在支持的时候产生迟疑。

A political party is a product as well as a tool of political democracy. A progressive party is naturally paired with democracy.

政党是政治民主的产物，又是政治民主的工具，进步的政党天然是同民主相联系的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。