政党的

It argues that it is not appropriate to study the transnational party federation by using these two methods inflexibly.

所谓欧洲层次的政党是和欧盟成员国的政党相对而言的，是指活跃在欧州议会中的议会党团和议会外的跨国政党联盟。

The major purpose of this article is to examine the measurement of party identification in the Taiwan's Election and Democratization Study from the perspectives of intransitivity and multidimensionality.

本文以「台湾选举与民主化调查」为例，检证其政党认同的测量方式，在认同强弱度上与选民的相关政态度及政治行为是否符合「递移性」的假设；其次，以个别政党喜好差异来检证选民在认同方向上是否具有「多面向性」；最后，尝试建构单一面向的「蓝绿政党喜好差异指标」，以提高选民投票行为的解释力。

Korean political party demonstrates such character as fluid, personalism, factionalism, regionalism and strong finance fabrication, which makes the initial multi-party system exist the shortcomings including low institutionalized degree of party organization, outstanding leader-oriented, stronger regional support as well as uncompromise party culture. In the result, party function of political participation and power supervised can't be fully played.

但因受威权主义政治传统的影响，转型期的韩国政党呈现出变化频繁、个人化、朋党化、地域性和"金权政治"色彩浓厚等显著特征，使得建立初期的多元政党体制在实际运作过程中很还不规范，存在着政党组织的制度化程度低、魅力型领袖操纵政党、地域分割政治强化、政党文化的对抗性等问题。

When the political parties are in office, the non-democratic phenomenon is the following:"pork barrel"; the parties play important roles in the executive, legislative and judicial authorities; the parties are establishing identification with the government.

具体表现为政党取得执政资格后按党派意志分配官职而形成的政党分肥制、政党对国家立法、行政、司法部门权力的渗透使得政党从充当社会与国家之间桥梁的角色转向社会的对立面而与国家一体化的趋势。

Second largest number of seats becomes the Official Opposition, with its own leader and "shadow cabinet ".

英国有很多政党，但有两个主要的政党—保守党和工党。从1945年以来，两党一直轮流执政，在大选中获多数议席因而在下议院拥有多数支持者的政党组建政府，多数党领袖由君主任命为首相。

This article then takes the 2002 survey data of the elections for city mayor and councilors of Kaohsiung as an example to study voter's split-ticket voting. In particular, owing to peculiar party system in Taiwan, it examines voter's split ticket voting based on individual party and the "pan-blue vs. pan-green" party coalition. It points out that, in Kaohsiung, party coalition model performs better in explaining voter's behavior than the traditional party label. Also, this case study shows that the direction of party identification, the strength of party identification, and voter's past voting patterns are significant for voter's split-ticket voting in both party coalitions. The significances of other factors, such as voter's age, voter's provincial origins, sense of check-and-balance are different when they are applying to different party coalitions.

本文第二部分则以2002年高雄市长与市议员选举为例，探讨选民分裂投票的成因，文中特别强调因应台湾现存政党体系的特性，尝试在传统以个别政党差异研究选民分烈投票的方式之外，再以「泛蓝」与「泛绿」两类政党联盟方式进行研究，并指出后者在本个案中具有较高的适用性，同时，研究结果也显示选民的政党认同强度、方向与过去投票习性，是解释选民分裂投票行为的重要因素，其余相关因素，如年龄、省籍、制衡观念等，对不同政党联盟之持者之分裂投票行为有不同的影响力。

A general election is an election held to choose among candidates nominated in a primary for federal election is to make a final choice among the various candidates who have been nominated by parties or who are running as independent or write-in candidates.

大选是自预选（或政党代表大会或政党基层会议）中获提名的侯选人中选举联、州和地方官员。大选的目的是在各政党提名的候选人、独立候选人或选举人在选票上自填的非原定候选人中做出最后选择。

It is found that the measurement of party identification in TEDS is successful with regard to the transitivity assumption. The fact that more than twenty percent of respondents share the highest score for the major parties indicates the presence of multidimensionality in this measurement.

而在 多面向的检证上，则有二成以上的选民同时给予两个以上政党相同最高的喜好分数，尤其是以泛蓝或泛绿政党评价一致最高最常见，此外，以政党喜好差异来进行测量，将可有效降低民众持中立态度一成以上的比例。

Mr Howard, leader of what used to be an explicitly pan-British party that now exists mostly in England, appeals to that sense of grievance by evoking "the forgotten majority".

霍华德是一个政党领导人－－这个政党曾经是纯粹不列颠人的政党，如今只大部分存在于英格兰了。他试图通过呼吁&被遗忘的大多数&来鸣不平。

Based on the research of American party politics and American presidential primary system,this thesis analyses the functions of parties in the primary and the changes of these functions before and after the implementation of the presidential primary,and study the influence of the presidential primary on the party politics.

主要考察了美国的政党政治和总统预选制度，分析政党在总统预选中的作用和预选制度实施前后政党作用的变化，考察总统预选对美国政党政治的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。