政党的

This dissertation holds that the Communist Party has the internal demand of permanence maintaining its class benefit and realizing its ideal, because of its class characteristic and the pursuit of communism ideal.

本论文认为共产党的阶级特性和共产主义的理想追求，决定了其对所代表的阶级利益的持久维护以及理想的最终实现有着内在的诉求，这就要求有着共同理想和利益的人能够长期掌握政党的领导权以及国家的政权。

A policy of ramming bills through Congress on a party-line basis might suit Nancy Pelosi, the Democrats' leftish leader in the House. But, from Mr Obama's point of view, it is bad politics in two different ways.

这种接二连三在国会通过的强制性法案从政党的利益上来说可能适合佩洛西（众议院里民主党的左翼领导人），但是，从奥巴马的角度来说，这是糟糕的政治决策，其中有两个方面原因：一是政策使得领导人左翼化，令人苦恼的中间派选民担心日益膨胀的国债。

A policy of ramming bills through Congress on a party-line basis might suit Nancy Pelosi, the Democrats' leftish leader in the House. But, from Mr Obama's point of view, it is bad politics in two different ways. It is shifting the presidency to the left, annoying centrist voters who worry about the swelling government debt.

这种接二连三在国会通过的强制性法案从政党的利益上来说可能适合佩洛西（众议院里民主党的左翼领导人），但是，从奥巴马的角度来说，这是糟糕的政治决策，其中有两个方面原因：一是政策使得领导人左翼化，令人苦恼的中间派选民担心日益膨胀的国债。

The process is tortuously slow because the beleaguered Mr Yar'Adua is under pressure to serve the interests both of Nigeria's powerful political factions and of the allies of Olusegun Obasanjo, his predecessor and mentor, who is still pulling strings as the ruling party's chairman.

组阁的进程缓慢得让人倍受折磨，原因使腹背受敌的亚拉杜瓦先生身感重压，他得同时满足尼日利亚各大强势的政党的利益与奥卢塞贡·奥巴桑乔同盟党的利益。而奥巴桑乔先生作为总统先生的前任与导师，现在还担任着统治党的主席而暗中操控着政治活动。

Historically in the communist movement, economism has meant focusing the attention of the working class on its own immediate conditions and struggles as the "most widely applicable means" of winning them, some day, to socialism and communism—an approach which Lenin thoroughly exposed and refuted in his famous work What Is To Be Done?

产生于19世纪末。认为无产阶级的主要任务是进行经济斗争，反对进行推翻资产阶级制度的斗争，否认建立统一的马克思主义政党的必要性。&—百度百科）。在共产主义运动的历史上，经济主义意味着把工人阶级的关心重点集中在眼前的经济利益和斗争之上，把它看作实现自身利益，并在某天实现社会主义和共产主义的&最普遍适用的方式。

" Also,"We need to get down to the REAL issues"- meaning "I don't want to talk about this difficult area, I want to talk about some simplistic truisms about motherhood and apple pie so you can't fail to approve of my party.

这种情况下，政客经常说的另外一句话是&我们需要看看真正的问题&，意思是&我不想谈论这个很困难的话题了，我想谈一些简单的问题，比如说如何当妈妈了，如何做馅饼了等等，这样你无法不同意我们政党的观点&。

In the same journal, Simon Hix, also of the London School of Economics, and his colleagues examined their voting and concluded that, as might be expected, it was along party-political lines even though the incentives to do so were far less than at national parliaments.

在同样的杂志上，同样是伦敦经济学院的Simon Hix和他的同事检查了他们的投票并且断定，和预想一样，即使比国家议会的受到驱动更少，他们还是遵循政党的政治路线。

Of all the social strata and political groupings in semi-colonial China, the proletariat and the Communist Party are the ones most free from narrow-mindedness and selfishness, are politically the most far-sighted, the best organized and the readiest to learn with an open mind from the experience of the vanguard class, the proletariat, and its political party throughout the world and to make use of this experience in their own cause.

因为半殖民地的中国的社会各阶层和各种政治集团中，只有无产阶级和共产党，才最没有狭隘性和自私自利性，最有远大的政治眼光和最有组织性，而且也最能虚心地接受世界上先进的无产阶级及其政党的经验而用之于自己的事业。

I had viewed Hitler and his movement with some skepticism, but when the abolition of the multi-party mess removed the obscenity of unemployment, and the first 1,000 kilometers of autobahns opened up a new era of mobility, I too saw the light: this was the time when Churchill said he hoped Great Britain would have a man like Hitler in time of peril, and when high church dignitaries and distinguished academics paid the Führer homage.

我曾对希特勒及他的行动持怀疑态度，但是当多政党的混乱政治状态被废除，失业的难堪局面得以整治，而第一条1000公里的超级公路开创了机动车的新纪元。同时，我也理解了某些时刻：比如当时丘吉尔说，他希望在大不列颠处于困厄之时，能出现一位像希特勒那样的人；此时，教会显贵人物及卓著的院所正在向他们的元首致以崇高的敬意。

The fourparties were the Trotskyist International LeftOpposition, the Socialist Workers' Party ofGermany, and two Dutch left parties,the Revolutionary Socialist Party andthe Independent Socialist Party, whosigned a declaration for a 'new International'on the principled foundations of Marx andLenin.

早期的&四团体&设定了比目前社会主义自由党内的四团体更加宏伟的目标，但是问题基本上是一样的，即如何在工人阶级运动中使左翼的潜力最大化，这个团体因为非托洛茨基政党的领导政治上的不一致而没有巩固成为一个新的永久性的形式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。