放热的

Experimental study of high temperature phase transformation for pyrophyllite

利用场发射扫描电镜表征了Zr-Co粉体的形貌特征和烧结后的陶瓷薄膜结构，热重分析了Zr-Co粉体烧结过程的失重和相转变吸放热过程，X射线衍射分析跟踪了不同温度段烧结体系的组成变化趋势，在此基础上对粉体烧结后陶瓷薄膜的防氧化效果进行了分析，结果表明：温度对粉体的颗粒形貌和晶相结构有较大的影响，高温烧结的粉体性质稳定，经过1200℃烧结后的陶瓷膜层具有很好的致密性，具有很好的防氧化效果。

A new kind of magnesium alloys has been synthesized by high energy ball-milling of Mg and Fe mixed powders.Due to the high corrosion speed and reacting efficiency,the alloys are generally called super-corroding alloys.A SCA bulk is fabricated through cold-pressing and sintering the mechanically alloyed Mg-Fe powders.The chemical reaction of SCA with seawater rapidly releases heat and hydrogen gas,which may play very important roles in many ocean applications.For example,the reaction heat can be used to keep diver clothes warm;SCA corrosive links with the function of self-destruction can be utilized to control the sinking and floating of sonobuoy, and to salvage the training torpedo or other instruments.In addition,the reaction heat of SCA can be applied to heat food,machinery and ice or snow,which is thus very helpful for mountaineers.

超腐蚀合金采用Mg和Fe混合粉末，经高能球磨机械合金化、冷压、烧结，形成Mg-Fe合金块体，具有很高的海水腐蚀速率和反应效率，该合金化学反应放出的热量和氢气可在海洋工程中发挥重要作用，例如：可为深海作业潜水衣的保暖提供热量；由其制造的腐蚀链通过自毁机制，可用来控制声纳浮标的沉浮时间，打捞和回收水中的贵重仪器、装置以及训练用的靶雷；在偏远地区和寒冷地带，利用该合金的反应放热特性，不仅可加热机械、仪表或食品，而且能为登山运动员提供取暖所需的热量。

With the addition amount of rare earth oxide increasing,the two exothermal peaks of AP came closer and finally merge into one strong peak with a great increase of decomposition heat.

不同稀土氧化物种类对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用有一定的差异，轻稀土镨和钕的氧化物使分解峰表现为前弱后强的两个相连的峰，中稀土钐和钆的氧化物表现为单一的强峰，而重稀土铒和镱的氧化物表现为前强后弱的两个分立的放热峰。

Based on a computing model of floor heating residences, indoor thermal environment and heat distribution under the effect of heat charge/discharge, operation control and solar radiation has been concluded. Concept and formula of equivalent heat supply has been put forward which indicate that actual heat supply will be equal to the sum of design heat supply and equivalent heat supply. Recommend coefficient has been given taken Dalian as an example. Computed according to the new method, design heat supply can be reduced to 37% in cloudy day and 43.3% in sunny day, energy saving effect is very obvious. In Tromb wall solar house, effect of concrete wall on indoor temperature swing and attenuation of temperature wave is very obvious. While the outdoor air-temperature swing exceeds 10℃, indoor air-temperature swing belows 3℃. In the experiment, maximal difference in temperature between inner surface and outer surface of the 300mm wall exceeded 10℃. Heat storage and collector efficiency varies adversely according to solar radiation. Factors such as thickness, material, absorptance of the wall and permeation of the glass cover all have big influence on heat storage and collector efficiency. There exsisted an optimal thickness of the wall, which can make the best of heat storage and collector efficiency. Most of the heat stored in conventional Trombe wall during the daytime has been lost to the outside at night without heat preservation. Heat preservation on the outside surface of the wall has effectively improved heat release performance of the wall at night, heat supply to the room has increased too.

通过建立的地板采暖系统动态热性能分析模型，得出了在蓄放热特性、运行方式和太阳辐射等因素耦合作用下的室内热环境及热量分配比例，提出了等效供热量的概念及计算公式，指出实际所需供热量应等于设计供热量加上等效供热量，并以大连为例，给出了等效供热量的修正系数，以新方法计算，阴天可减少设计供热量37％，晴天最大可以减少设计供热量43.3％，节能效果显著；集热蓄热墙式太阳房中，混凝土蓄热墙的室温均一化效果和对温度波的削减作用非常明显，当室外温度波动最大幅度超过10℃时，室温波幅不超过3℃，实验中300mm厚墙体内外表面温差超过10℃；墙体蓄热效率与集热效率随太阳辐射照度的变化呈相反的变化趋势；墙体厚度、材料、表面吸收率以及盖板透过率等因素对集热和蓄热效率均有较大的影响，存在一个最佳的墙体厚度值，使得墙体集热和蓄热综合性能最优；传统的蓄热墙夜间没有外保温，辐射散热损失很大，研究表明墙体外保温方式明显改善了蓄热墙夜间的散热性能，增加了向室内的供热量。

Firstly, the different effect of rectorite modification for the mechanical property of E-51 system were compared; the effect of organic clay for the viscosity and Gel-time of pure E-51 epoxy resin were checked separately; the influence of organic clay for hardening process was studied with FTIR technology; And, the infection of organic rectorite content in matrix for the mechanical property thermal-wet tolerance property aging resistance property and medium endure property for the both of two system were studied relatively. The effect of organization for the inter-layer distance of clay was denoted by XRD technology; To probe into the thermodynamics status about reaction, we investigated the heat discharging of reaction system in the help of DSC. The impact and crooking of solidifying system was observed with the SEM to investigate the decentralization of organic clay, and, at the base of this ,we discuss the mechanism of clay toughing-buildup polymer matrix.

分别考察了有机粘土对树脂体系粘度和凝胶特性的影响，利用红外光谱分析技术研究了有机粘土的加入对体系固化工艺的影响；分别考察了有机粘土含量对二体系的力学性能、耐湿热性能、耐老化性能以及耐介质性能等的影响；采用X-衍射实验表征复合材料中有机粘土层间距的变化；用视差扫描量热法考察了体系的放热情况，以探讨反应的有关热力学状况；通过扫描电子显微分析技术对浇注体的弯曲、冲击断口进行观察分析，以考察、表征有机粘土的分散情况，并在此基础上探讨了有机粘土改性环氧树脂的机理。

Water inside vacuum heat- collection tubes; since the hot medium inside vacuum tubes floats up and cold one goes down due to respective specific gravity, hot and cold mediums convections up and down to cause the heat conduction, furthermore transfer the heat to the related working medium in the heat tubes, the working medium sorbs the potential heat and becomes steam to rise up to the condensing section from the tube heat evaporating section; it emits the heat in condensing section to change again into liquid working medium; it flows back to evaporating section under the gravity action, the emitted heat is transferred into the water inside water tank or tube group by means of the heat-conduction through heat tubes condensing section; it makes the cold water in water tank into hot water in the repeated way.

阳光透过全玻璃真空集热管的外玻璃，照射到涂覆在内玻璃管外表面的选择性吸收涂层上，涂层将太阳的辐射能吸收并转化为热能，通过内玻璃管壁导热，传递给真空集热管内其液态传热介质，由于真空集热管内热的介质因比重小而上浮，冷的介质因比重大而下沉，冷热介质上下对流传热和导热，再通过热管的金属壁导热，将热量传递给热管内其相变工质，工质吸收汽化潜热而变成蒸汽，由热管蒸发段上升到冷凝段，在冷凝段放热冷凝，又变成液态工质，在重力作用下流回蒸发段，所放出的热量通过热管冷凝段金属管壁导热，传递给水箱或联集管内的冷水，周而复始，于是便将水箱内的冷水全部加热成热水。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。