放热的

The results show that the atmosphere has a big influence on the thermal stability of C_(60).C_(60) begins to decompose at 423.5℃in the air,the deomposed peak temperature is 668.5℃,but very stable in the helium atmosphere,only sublimate,the crystal shape of C_(60) has a certain influence to its thermal stability.The synthesized nine kinds of nitro-fullerene derivatives all have good thermal stability and their decomposed peak temperatures all exceed 350℃.The thermal explosion temperature for 5 seconds delay of product 4 is 253℃.The category,number and position of nitryl group in nitro-fullerene derivatives all have influence on their thermal stability.

利用差热分析仪和DSC-TG综合热分析仪对C_(60)及其硝基衍生物的热稳定性进行了研究，结果表明，环境气氛对C_(60)热稳定性影响很大，C_(60)在空气中423.5℃开始分解，放热峰值温度为668.5℃，在氦气中很稳定，仅表现为升华，C_(60)的晶型对其热稳定性也有一定的影响；合成得到的九种硝基富勒烯衍生物都具有较好的热稳定性，分解峰值温度均高于350℃；产物4的5秒爆发点测试结果为253℃。

The experimental results show that the content of SiC in RBSC increases with carbon content while α-SiC is chosen as a filler. However, the residual carbon would appear in specimens when the carbon content exceeds 30% by weight. Using carbon felt, the reaction-formed SiC particles are small and uniform in size and distribution. However, when carbon felt is impregnated with phenol resin, the reaction-formed SiC is nonuniform in size and distribution. X-ray diffraction shows that the fabricated RBSC is composed of α-SiC,β-SiC, and free Si. The polytype of SiC is related to the reaction-heat during sintering.

结果表明：选用α-SiC+C粉的混合物作为生坯，SiC相的体积分数随生坯中wC的增加而增加，但过大的wC将使硅化后的试样出现残碳；选用碳毡作为生坯，反应烧结碳化硅的显微组织特点是C／Si反应生成的碳化硅颗粒均匀细小，并呈线状分布在游离硅中；浸渍过树脂的碳毡硅化处理后的显微组织特点是反应生成的碳化硅颗粒粗大且呈不均匀分布。X射线衍射结果也表明，反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷由游离Si、α-SiC、β-SiC组成，试样中不同晶型碳化硅的出现与C／Si反应的放热过程有关。

Using the analysis of differential scanning calorimetry, three exothermic peaks were found which were mainly attributed to crystallization of α-(373℃), relaxation of internal strain (410℃) and crystallization of the residual amorphous matrix (540℃) respectively.

对机械合金化形成的非晶〓的DSC测量表明：在40℃到700℃范围内，有三个位于373℃，417℃和540℃左右的放热过程，分别α-相的结晶，内应变的降低和残余非晶相的晶化。

This process can be carried out in an atomically economic way from the viewpoints of both material and energy utilization, which could significantly improve the efficiency of the process.

加氢和脱氢耦合法可将加氢反应的放热用于脱氢反应的供热，减小了过程的热效应，可有效避免反应器的局部过热或过冷；脱氢反应释放的氢可用于加氢反应，整个过程无氢消耗，具有能量和原子的经济性，显著地提高了整个过程的效率。

DSC analysis found that the behavior of PSPI-TM film containing TiO〓of 12% was greatly different from that of the corresponding ester-typePSPI film. An intense exothermal change was found on the DSC curve. TGAanalysis indicated that the curve for weight loss of the PSPI-TM film wouldnot reach a platform until 400℃.

DSC热分析表明含TM基于转化后PI的重量折算为12 ％(w／w的Ti〓的PSPI光刻胶膜的热转变行为不同于相应的酯型PSPI光刻胶膜，在300℃附近有一个很强的放热过程；TGA分析表明这种含TM的光刻胶膜直到400℃以上才达到&失重平台&。

The performace of material was tested by DSC,XRD,SEM,EIS and charge-discharge cycles . The influences of various synthesized condition , sintering time and the amount of F were studied and correlative technics parameter to improve performance of material were optimized. DSC shows that three endotherimc peaks and one large exothermic peak are observed in the temperature range 150-400℃, which is because of the removal of water,the decomposition of the organic constituents and the formation of spinel. Only the citrate precursor is sintered at least 450℃, the crystallinity of spinel phase could be formed intactly.

通过DSC、XRD、SEM、EIS和充放电循环等手段对材料进行性能测试，比较了不同合成温度、烧结时间和不同掺杂元素量等条件对材料性能的影响，优选出提高材料性能的相关工艺参数， DSC表明，采用溶胶-凝胶-络合法制备的前驱体在150-400℃中有三个小的吸热峰和一个大的放热峰，这是前驱体中的水分、柠酸酸及其盐和醋酸及其盐在蒸发及分解，柠檬酸前驱体至少需在450℃以上才可能形成完整的尖晶石材料。

The scale inhibition mechanism of PESA was proposed on the basis of characterization of transformation of calcium carbonate crystal by means of X-ray Diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of temperature on corrosion inhibition efficiency of PESA was investigated and the Bockris substitution model is proposed to study the thermodynamics of inhibiting process of PESA. The calculation results show the adsorption of PESA on carbon steel is a spontaneous exothermic process with the increase of entropy.

通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析手段研究了聚环氧琥珀酸加入前后碳酸钙垢晶型的变化，在此基础上探讨了聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢机理；考察了温度对聚环氧琥珀酸缓蚀性能的影响，根据Bockris置换模型，计算出中性水质中聚环氧琥珀酸在碳钢表面吸附的热力学函数，计算结果表明：聚环氧琥珀酸在碳钢表面的吸附是一个放热、熵增、自动发生的过程。

Based on this principle, the mathematical model of an exothermic reactor is established to caculate Exothermic reator length L corresponding to reation temperature T, reation temperature T corresponding to ammonia mole fraction y and the average internal reactor wall temperature Tave corresponding to exergy output Enet and thermal power output Q. The curves of L-T, T-y, Q/Enet –Tave are drawn with the caculated date which can directly reflect the influence of reactor inlet gas temperature and reactant flow rate on ammonia synthesis reaction for the reactor under the conditions of definite design pressure and hydrogen/nitrogen ratio. Furthermore, the design parameters to realize maximum exergy output and thermal output are presented.

文章分析了储能体系的选择，介绍了氨基热化学储能的基本原理，在此基础上建立了放热反应器的数学模型，计算和绘制出了L-T、T-y以及热量和佣输出与反应器内壁平均温度之间的关系曲线，直观地反映了在一定的设计压力和氢氮比条件下，进气温度和进气流率对放热反应的影响，给出了实现佣最优化和热能最优化的操作参数。

The results show that for a supersonic shear layer without reaction, a disturbance can make the shear layer become unstable, this results in one vortex or more than one vortex. The combination and seperation of vortex can intensify the mixing. But it is not easy for supersonic reacting shear layer with exotherm to become unstable with disturbance, and the effect duration is very long.

结果表明，对完全气体的超声速剪切层流动，一定的激励方式能使原先较为稳定的剪切层流动变得不稳定，产生单涡或多涡结构，发生多涡间的合并，使混合加剧；但对于存在放热现象的反应超声速剪切层流动，外加激励方式不易使流动从稳定变为不稳定，而且外加扰动的作用特征时间也较长，实际应用前景不乐观。

2Theory of pulse combustion was analyzed and its mechanism were discussed with planewave transferring theory in the thesis.Models of pulse combustor were reviewed and analyzed.Theone-dimensional unsteady nonlinear model of pulse combustor was simplified with lineal method.The phase relation between pulse pressure and combustion heat discharge which may prompt ordamp pulse combustion process were discussed.

对脉动燃烧理论进行了分析探讨，从平面波的传递理论出发，分析了脉动燃烧的机理；在归纳综合现有的脉动燃烧器理论模型的基础上，采用线性化分析方法，对一维非线性脉动燃烧器理论模型进行了简化，并定性分析了脉动压力与燃烧放热之间的相位关系对脉动燃烧过程的激励和阻尼作用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。