放射性的

With the discovery of the radio-elements, physicists found themselves for the first time confronted with strange substances, minute generators of radiation endowed with an enormous concentration of energy; alpha rays, positively charged helium atoms, beta rays, negatively charged electrons, both possessed of a kinetic energy which it would be impossible to communicate to them by ''.

由于放射性元素的发现，物理学家们第一次发现自己面临许多陌生的物质——许多具有巨大的浓缩能量的、能够发生辐射的细微物质，如射线，即带正电荷的氦原子小射线，即带负电荷的电子。

In the end of the paper, simulating the different energy gamma photons response through the nude NaI crystal detector and getting the response in 137Cs window from the different kinds of radionuclide, such as the response of 238U、 232Th、 40K and 137Cs itself in 137Cs window, getting the response in NaI multi-channel gamma spectrum from different nuclides.

本论文是利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟伽玛光子在NaI多道伽玛能谱响应，本论文介绍了蒙特卡罗方法以及该方法在核物理的应用，介绍了蒙特卡罗方法在计算机中的实现以及一种应用软件—MCNP—4B，最后具体模拟不同能量的伽玛光子在裸晶体NaI中的响应，得到NaI多道伽玛能数据中~(137)Cs窗中天然放射性核素，如~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(40)K，以及~(137)Cs本身在~(137)Cs窗中的响应，得出~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(40)K、~(137)Cs的响应函数。

Radioactive decay studies have found a kinds of elements can be α or β decay and the decay into another element, while the α-decay product of -α-rays became one of the deep structure of the material means of .1911, the Rutherford and others bombarded atoms with α-rays observed wide-angle deflection to determine the nuclear structure of atoms and nuclei was first proposed the term .1919 year, Rutherford and others have also found that with α-ray bombardment of nitrogen will release the nuclear protons, this is the first time Artificial realization of a nuclear reaction, after the bombardment of nuclei with the radiation caused by nuclear reaction method to become the primary means of research in nuclear.

放射性衰变研究发现了一种元素可以通过α衰变或β衰变而变成另外一种元素，而α衰变的产物——α射线又成了人们探讨物质深层结构的手段。1911年，卢瑟福等人用α射线轰击原子、观察到大角度偏折，从而确定了原子的有核结构，并首次提出原子核这一名词。1919年，卢瑟福等人又发现用α射线轰击氮核会放出质子，这是首次用人工实现的核反应，以后用射线轰击原子核来引起核反应的方法逐渐成为研究原子核的主要手段。

An abrasive system for use in high cleaning, controlled abrasivity dentifrice compositions comprises at least one abrasive silica which may be selected from a first silica having a Radioactive Dental Abrasion in the range 30 to 150 and a second silica an RDA in the range 100 to 300, and a crystalline aluminosilicate having an average crystallite size below 0.2 mu m.

一种用于高度清洁、控制磨损的牙膏组合物的磨料体系，包括可选自放射性牙齿磨损在30-150范围内的第一二氧化硅和RDA在100-300范围内的第二二氧化硅中的至少一种磨料二氧化硅，和平均微晶尺寸低于0.2μm的结晶铝硅酸盐。

Arguments and evidence cited against a miraculous origin of the shroud images include a letter from a medieval bishop to the Avignon pope claiming personal knowledge that the image was cleverly painted to gain money from pilgrims; radiocarbon tests in 1988 that yielded a medieval timeframe for the cloths fabrication; and analysis of the image by microscopist Walter McCrone, who concluded ordinary pigments were used.

争论和证据却与裹尸布的神奇起源相反，包括一封中世纪的主教写给教宗阿维尼翁的信，声称肖像是有人运用容貌知识聪明地印上去，为了从朝圣者身上获得金钱；1988年，碳的放射性同位元素测试得出这是一块中世纪时期制造的伪造物；分析肖像的显射镜技术人员沃尔特指出，这只是使用了一种平常的颜料。

In the high energy physics laboratory called CERN, just outside Geneva in Switzerland, unstable muons (a type of fundamental particle that normally undergoes radioactive disintegration after about one millionth of a second) have been found to live longer by factor of thirty when travelling at high speed around a circular machine shaped like a large hollow doughnut.

在一个叫做 CERN 的高能量物理实验室，这个实验室在瑞士的日内瓦郊外，不稳定的μ介子（一种基本粒子，在百万分之一秒内会进行放射性衰变。）在绕着一个外形像中空的炸面圈形状的圆形机器中高速运行时，它的存在时间已经可以延长30倍了。

The agreement establishes a process to collaborate with each other and with the International Atomic Energy Agency on export controls, international nuclear safeguards, protection of nuclear materials and facilities, nuclear emergency management and radioactive source security, it said.

这一协议为双方的合作，以及国际原子能组织控制下的核能出口，国际核安全、核原料的安全和保护、核问题紧急的处理、放射性核能的安全问题，都作出了建设性的贡献。

Ross-Ibarra defends his estimate by explaining that his team couldn't age the bushes using radiocarbon dating, because they couldn't find any old pieces of wood.

Ross-Ibarra为他的估计做出的辩护是他的团队不能使用放射性碳测试年龄的方法来确定这些灌木的年代，因为他们无法找到旧的木头片。

Joanna said: Sheffield Hallam is at the forefront of training therapy radiographers in the UK and has a better attrition rate than the national average but there is much we can learn so more students can be retained and recruited.

Joanna 说道。谢菲尔德哈勒姆大学是英国最大的放射性治疗相关专业教育机构，所有的专业都包含视觉化的职业技能植入项目，目前，学校在放射学疗法和肿瘤学方向提供三年制的本科学位课程和两年制的硕士学位课程。

Special attention has been paid to the neutron data between 20 to 200 MeV due to thedevelopment of ADS and other neutron application fields such as dosimetry for radiationsafety and fast neutron cancer therapy in recent years.

近年来，随着加速器驱动洁净核能源的发展和中子科学的广泛应用特别是高空飞行器的辐射防护和放射性治疗方面的进展等，中能中子核反应数据的需求也越来越大。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。