放射性核素

There are 8.6%~10.91% foreign matter in the sphenes, in which radioactive elements of strontium, cesium and uranium range from 4.26% to 4.58%. The change of structural cell parameters of sphenes is still very little,Δa=-0.0009 nm~0.0041 nm,Δb=0.0018 nm~0.0004 nm,Δc=0.0002 nm~0.0048 nm,Δβ=-0.10°~0.09° with high crystallinity of 99.27%~96.46%. Though, the age of sphene from the Fenghuang Mountain is about 1000 Ma, and experienced 775 Ma~1758 Ma geological evolvement and alpha decay, its crystallinity only decreased 3%, and its crystal shape and structure are still fine, indicating that sphene is of good ability to solidify radioactive elements. Therefore, sphenes are ideal minerals for solidifying nucleus waste.

通过对北祁连牛心山变质杂岩体中榍石(775Ma)和山西凤凰山花岗岩中榍石(1758Ma)的XRD及EDS等测试与研究，结果表明：两地榍石的杂质元素质量分数高达8.6%~10.91%，放射性核素锶、铯和铀的质量分数达4.26%~4.58%；晶胞参数的变化极小，△a=-0.0009nm~0.0041nm、△b=0.0018nm~0.0004nm、△c=0.0002nm~-0.0048nm、△β=-0.10°~0.09°，结晶度仍高达99.27%~96.46%，榍石经过10×10^8a的地质作用，结晶度仅减少了3%，显示榍石固化放射性系列核素的能力较强，虽经历了约775Ma~1758Ma的复杂地质演化及其所含放射性核素的衰变作用，其晶体结构完好，稳定性极高，是值得期待的理想核废物固化矿物。

By analyzing radionuclides such as uranium, neptunium and plutonium in environmental samples, which were collected in the immediate environment of a nuclear process or nuclear site, researchers can detect evidence of the corresponding nuclear activities.

随着核能的开发应用，为评价放射性废物对环境的影响及确定放射性废物安全处置方案，长寿命放射性核素的环境行为越来越受到各国环境科学工作者的关注。

So far found that there are more than 2800 kinds of nuclides, in addition to 271 kinds of stable isotope and the rest are about 2530 kinds of radiation nuclide, including natural and artificial radionuclides radionuclides.

到目前为止发现的核素有2800多种，除271种是稳定的核素，其余约有2530种是放射线核素，包括天然放射性核素和人工放射性核素。

According to distance protection,time protection and material protection to protect;contamination with radionuclides should be treated in accordance with its mutual imˉpaction.

放射性核素的防护应采取距离、时间、材料防护；放射性核素污染应根据污染特点进行去污处理。

In hypergensis process uranium tend to be activate and transfer while thorium tend to enrich in the relict phase.

在我们的研究中，通过计算，得到了放射性核素浓度与核素的比放射性活度之间的定量关系，进一步推算出α、β比放射性活度与核素浓度之间的定量换算公式，这对放射性环境监测具有一定的实际意义。

The atomic structure 、nuclide 、isotope 、isomere、 radionuclides、stable nuclide.

原子核的结构、核素、同位素、同质异能素、放射性核素与稳定性核素。

Under the base of investigation and research on natural radioactive nuclein in coal of Yili area,combining with the distributing characteristic and law of radioactive nuclein in coal of area and residents' customer of using coal in Yili area,the article raises decrement,resources,harmless and prevention and control measure of whole course managing rule with having a definite object in view and put foward a feasible plan and way for economie developmant of Yili area,resonable development and utilization of coal resources,preventing from pollution because of mining and utilizing coal and further protecting people's health.

文摘：在对伊犁地区煤中天然放射性核素调查研究的基础上，结合伊犁地区煤中放射性核素分布的特点、规律以及伊犁地区居民的用煤习惯，有的放矢的提出了减量化、资源化、无害化以及全过程管理原则的防治措施，为伊犁地区的经济发展，煤炭资源的合理开发和利用，防止因煤炭的开采利用而造成的污染，建设性的提出了切实可行的方案和途径。

The high rotten coal (including the anthracite and meager coal ) radioactive level is relatively low,( 238U: 29.1Bq/kg , 232Th: 25.9Bq/kg , 226Ra: 37.5Bq/kg), obviously lower than the radioactive levels of the brown coal and bituminous coal, and fluctuating range little relatively stable until Lincang uranium germanium colliery HeKai Tian little dragon's pool power plant make , investigate than right far correctly, prove natural radioactive nuclide (238U , 232Th , 226Ra ) than activity transformation in the course of utilizing and give locality radiate influence that environment bring.

高变质煤放射性水平相对较低，（238U：29.1Bq/kg、232Th：25.9Bq/kg、226Ra：37.5Bq/kg），明显低于褐煤和烟煤的放射性水平，且波动范围较小、相对稳定通过对临沧铀锗煤矿田和开远小龙潭电厂作出调查比对，说明了天然放射性核素（238U、232Th、226Ra）比活度在利用过程中的转移以及给当地放射环境带来的影响。

Zirconolite-rich synroc is ideal solidification material for solidifying high level radioactive waste .

富钙钛锆石型人造岩石将放射性核素固定在其晶格中作为晶体的一部分固定起来，大大提高了放射性废物处置的长期安全性，是固化高放射性废物理想的固化介质。

Radioactive nuclides are solidified at crystal lattice as one part of crystalloid by zirconolite-rich synroc, which greatly enhances the long-term safety of radioactive waste disposing.

富钙钛锆石型人造岩石将放射性核素固定在其晶格中作为晶体的一部分固定起来，大大提高了放射性废物处置的长期安全性，是固化高放射性废物理想的固化介质。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。