改革的

Based on reviewing the banking reform experience of Eastern European countries, we propose seven propositions on China's banking sector reform and empirically vitrify seven propositions using data from 21 banks between 1999 and 2006 ,then draw final conclusions: foreign banks entry lower the profit rate of hosting country banking industry in short-term, improve host country banking's risk management skills

本文在综述东欧国家银行业改革经验的基础上提出中国银行业改革的七个命题，并用中国24家银行1999-2006年间的数据构建模型进行检验，最后得出结论：短期内外资银行进入导致东道国银行业利润水平下降、风险管理水平上升，在中国的背景下可以认定这是外资银行积极作用开始发挥；外资银行机构数量的增加和持股比重的上升都能刺激中国银行业效率的改进，但是外资银行持股比重的影响更具普遍性；不同类型银行对外资银行进入的反应存在差异，国有商业银行反应比较迟钝而股份制和城市商业银行反应比较迅速。

Starting with land contract management right,this paper analyzes several problems faced land contract management lawmaking,then puts forward some advices,such as to define the real right character of land contract management right,to endow with farmer indemnificatory land right according to the legislation principle that equity first then efficiency to two or more thing.

土地承包经营制度实施20多年的实践表明，在我国农村改革中是成功的，而且在相当长的一个时期仍将主导农村土地经营制度的方向。随着改革的深入，经济的发展和社会的进步要求与之相适应的法律体系。

Based on the background of China's new tax refund policy for export carries into being, this article is mainly to analyze the reform contents. And than according to the new policy's performances and influences in recent years, this paper finds some problems existing in it, aims at which some corresponding measures that especially on the share mechanism of the tax refund policy for export and its jurally standardization would be proposed on .By this way, the author hopes those suggestions would be useful to make our country's new tax refund for export works much sounder as well as promoting the innovation of China's foreign trade.

本文主要是从我国新出口退税政策所发生的经济背景和前提出发，对改革的主要内容进行分析，根据近两年来我国新出口退税政策实施的状况，及其对我国的经济所产生的一定影响，发现现阶段我国出口退税政策所出现的在管理体制和结构上的一些问题，并针对这些问题，提出我国的出口退税政策应该在出口退税的分担机制以及法制规范化等方面不断完善的几项具体建议，不断促进我国的外贸体制改革。

At the same time, the research on the new policy which is both full of Chinese characters and suitable to the foreign trade's status in quo is urgently needed. Based on the background of China's new tax refund policy for export carries into being, this article is mainly to analyze the reform contents. And than according to the new policy's performances and influences in recent years, this paper finds some problems existing in it, aims at which some corresponding measures that especially on the share mechanism of the tax refund policy for export and its jurally standardization would be proposed on .By this way, the author hopes those suggestions would be useful to make our country's new tax refund for export works much sounder as well as promoting the innovation of China's foreign trade.

本文主要是从我国新出口退税政策所发生的经济背景和前提出发，对改革的主要内容进行分析，根据近两年来我国新出口退税政策实施的状况，及其对我国的经济所产生的1定影响，发现现阶段我国出口退税政策所出现的在管理体制和结构上的1些问题，并针对这些问题，提出我国的出口退税政策应该在出口退税的分担机制以及法制规范化等方面不断完善的几项具体建议，不断促进我国的外贸体制改革。

When the reform of state-owned enterprises is undergoing the step from decentralizing the power to reforming the ownership, the private economy has developed rapidly in a relatively difficult system environment, and has become the principal increasing source of the whole economic system and a permanent impetus to the marketization of Chinese socialist economic system. The local governments have also played active roles in the process of pushing forward the private economy development.

在国有企业改革经历了从放权让利到产权改革的过程的同时，民营经济却在相对困难的制度环境中得到了快速发展，成为了整个经济体系主要的增长源泉，并为我国社会主义经济体制的市场化进程提供了持久的推动力，地方政府在推动民营经济发展的过程中也发挥了积极的作用。

It puts forward the significance of this paper. It points out that, in the time period of our economic reform, there exist serious social credit crisis and ethic crises in the economic order of society, which have made much negative influence on the development of our socialist economy. Then, the paper deplores into the reasons of these problems and draws a conclusion that at the time when new economic management system is replacing the old one, the confusion of social economic order is normal because of the imperfect new economic management system. The market disorder will necessarily lead to moral landslide and social credit crisis. Thus it will bring about market fluctuation, make worse the environment of system reform, and impede the deepening our reform.

前言提出本文研究的意义，指出我国经济体制转轨时期，在社会经济秩序方面存在着严重的社会信用危机和道德危机，给社会主义市场经济的发展带来严重的不良影响，进而探索出现这些问题的原因，指出由于新旧经济管理体制的更替，新的社会经济管理体制尚未健全，社会经济秩序出现混乱是一种正常的现象，而混乱的市场秩序必然会带来道德滑坡和社会信用危机，使市场出现波动，改革环境恶化，妨碍了改革的进一步深入进行。

Against such background, the central government has launched three large-scale real estate macro-regulatory policies from 2004 to this year. But the time and again regulation exactly showed the effective problem, This article is precisely embarks from this perspective, via to the dissertating to the real estate macroeconomic regulation system and combining to the limitation of the regulation policy system, the author proposes that it is vital that the policy tool choice to solve these flaws, and devotes to construct the real estate macroeconomic regulation and control policy system, which is based on the real estate tax.

在这样的背景下，中央政府在2004至今推出三次大规模的房地产宏观调控政策，但是一次又一次的调控恰恰说明调控政策的有效性问题，本文正是从这一角度出发，通过对房地产宏观调控体系的论述，结合我国房地产宏观调控政策体系的缺陷，提出了政策工具选择对于解决这些缺陷的重要意义，并致力于构建以房地产税为基础的房地产宏观调控政策体系，明确提出了通过房地产税制改革以及保障措施的辅助突出房地产税在宏观调控中的基础地位，并针对房地产税制改革的重点，也是房地产税体现基础性调控地位的关键点，即不动产税的开征问题进行专门论述。

With the promotion of the reform of securities market and fast development of the capital market of our country, the public company, more remarkably, has exposed in the intricate market risk.

随着我国证券市场改革的深化和资本市场的快速发展，上市公司也更显著地暴露在错综复杂的市场风险中，中国证券市场比较差的外在监管环境、不健全的公司内部管理机制以及市场诞生之初制度性因素的内生阻力、时疾时缓的改革步伐和资本寻求增值的天然冲动等综合因素使得许多上市公司难逃风险伤害而遭受破产、清算的命运：公司面临&退市&风险的考验，债权人、投资者的潜在利益面临巨大损失。

The hypothesis of Irrigation Management Transform was that water users can have more impetus than the institution imbursed by central government and can make the management of water resource more efficient and more sustainable. But up to now there are few positive research achievements about WUAs' impacts and efficiency, especially the economic independence mechanism of WUAs. It is imperative to decide whether the development of WUAs can be succeeded in the long run.

但文献检索表明，到目前为止用水户协会的成效与影响的实证研究成果很少，尤其是用水户协会的自立机制问题，所以迫切需要通过研究来探索用水户协会发展的可持续性以及它的自立机制问题，这是决定转权改革成功与否的关键所在，而要研究这些问题首先最重要的一点就是要确认用水户协会是否可以作为我国灌溉管理改革的一个方向和选择。

As an statutory organization aimed at reforming the laws of England and Wales,with its own particular legal status,keen-witted and capable team,scientific researching methods,the Law Committee has got noticeable achievements to promote the reformation of the laws of England and Wales,and to make the laws of England and Wales develop in the direction of being fairer,simpler,more conforming to modernization

法律委员会作为一个致力于英格兰与威尔士的法律改革的法定机构，以其独立的法律地位，精干的队伍，科学的工作方法，在促进英格兰与威尔士法律的改革，在使英格兰与威尔士法律朝着更加公平、简单，更加符合现代化，使用的费用更低的方向发展，取得了令人瞩目的成就。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。