改革的

This paper intends to, with its rich examples of curriculum reform in American high schools, probe into the history, the concretely respective course reform and the related policies, which will be conducive to become acquainted with the curriculum reform in American high schools.

本文将以丰富的美国中学课程改革的例子，结合美国中学课程改革的历史、不同学科的改革过程、与之相关的政策，学习美国课程改革的经验，汲取他们的教训，结合中国的实践情况为中国课程改革提供一些切实可行的方法，同时对中国的教育改革由所启示。

AC Cochrane, Reformed Confessions of the Sixteenth Century; BJ Kidd, Documents Illustrative of the Continental Reformation; HJ Hillerbrand, The Reformation in Its Own Words; HA Oberman, Forerunners of the Reformation: The Shape of Late Medieval Thought; W Cunningham, The Reformers and the Theology of the Reformation; BMG Reardon, Religious Thought in the Reformation; H Strohl, La pensee de la Reforme; GW Bromiley, Historical Theology: An Introduction; H Cunliffe - Jones, ed., A History of Christian Doctrine; S Ozment, The Age of Reform, 1250 - 1550; HJ Grimm, The Reformation Era 1500 - 1650; AG Dickens, The English Reformation; IB Cowan, The Scottish Reformation; GH Williams, The Radical Reformation; FH Littell, The Anabaptist View of the Church; GF Hershberger, ed., The Recovery of the Anabaptist Vision; PE Hughes, The Theology of the English Reformers; PDL Avis, The Church in the Theology of the Reformers.

交流的Cochrane ，改革的供词十六世纪；北京基德的文件，说明了大陆改革； hj hillerbrand ，改革在其自己的话；公顷oberman ，先行者的改革：形状中世纪晚期思想；瓦特坎宁安，改革者和神学的改革； BMG公司里尔顿，宗教思想，在改革； h strohl ，香格里拉pensee德香格里拉reforme ；毛重罗米立，历史神学：导言； h cunliffe -琼斯，教育署，历史的基督教教义； s o zment ，年龄的改革， 1250 -1 550； h j格里姆，改革的时代， 1 500- 16 50；银狄更斯，英语改革；兴业Co wan先生，苏格兰改造；生长激素威廉斯，激进改革；l i ttell跳频，再洗礼派的看法，教会；绿hershberger ，教育署，经济复苏的再洗礼派的远景；体育休斯，神学的英语改革者；牙周膜使用条款，教会在神学的改革者。

However, with a view to the history of the judicial reform, one can inevitably find some defects such as impartiality and inefficiency of justice and expensiveness of costs, arising out of or pertaining to absence of proper reformers, impropriety of expectation or lack of good conditions.

总结与回顾改革的历程，中国的司法改革存在诸如司法公正有待提升、司法效益有待提高与诉讼成本有待降低等现实难题，这与应然改革主体缺位、改革理想偏失以及改革条件匮乏等有关。

Firstly, the thesis mainly deals with major social pension system problems of market economy such as its target and orientation, pattern and degree in the condition of market economy. Then, I analyze numerous systems that constitute the reform of social pension system such as system construction, mechanism construction and institution construction, expounding the social pension system"s reform from system, mechanism, and institution three aspects in the way of from exteriority to interiority, from far - side to near - side, from low - level to high -level.At last, I put forward specific train of thought about how to perfect the social pension system"s reform, Analyzing the specific train of thought constituting pension balance through the analysis of pension balance through the analysis of the prediction the revenue and expenditure of pension.Analyzing the particular train of thought that further adjusting and improving the basic social pension budget through real calculation and research. Analyzing the system bound and developing direction of free employees through actual research. All these have key practical and deeply strategic significance in enriching reform theory, exploring reform method, instructing reform practice, as well as promoting the coordination of society and economy.

本论文既从系统和环境的观点出发，研究了市场经济条件下养老保险改革的目标和方向、养老保险制度模式、养老保险保障程度等涉及养老保险体系基本定位的问题；又从整体和局部的关系出发，分析研究了构成养老保险改革的制度建设、机制建设和体制建设等诸多子系统，从制度、机制和体制建设三个层面由表及里，由近及远，从低层次到高层次，由微观到宏观论述养老保险改革；在此基础上，提出市场经济条件下完善养老保险改革的具体思路，通过实际测算和调研，研究基本养老金计发办法进一步调整和完善的具体思路；通过实际调研，研究灵活就业者参保的体制障碍和发展方向；通过基金收支预测实证分析，研究构建基金平衡机制的具体措施，探索论证养老保险改革思路的可行性；这对于丰富养老保险制度改革理论，探索改革思路，指导改革实践，促进社会经济协调发展，都具有重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义。

This dissertation takes some basic content as its object, such as the basic idea and goal of judicature reform, the schematism of judicature reform and the public participation of judicature reform. At the same time, this dissertation analyzes the existing problems in China's judicature reform and puts forward some reformational measures to solve the problems.

论文以司法改革的一些基本内容，如司法改革的基本理念与目标、司法改革的系统领导、司法改革的民众参与等为研究对象，综合运用思辨，比较等研究方法，分析了我国司法改革存在的问题，并有针对性地提出一些改革措施。

It suggests that thepace of proceeding reform should be discretionally adjusted according to social acceptance. The best way is to stick reform intentions to the optimal social acceptance. But the optimal social acceptance also varies with economic growth rate and macroeconomic environment. In searching for the optimal socialacceptance, gradual proceeding is better than radical one. It concludes that the higher growth rate and better macroeconomic environment is, the lower optimal social acceptance is acquired, and the stronger intension can we engage.

作者认为，改革推进的快慢应根据社会的可承受程度&相机抉择&，最好是将改革力度控制在最优的社会可承受程度上不变；改革的最优社会可承受程度也不是一成不变的，它因经济发展速度和其他宏观环境的不同而有所不同，在&寻找&改革的社会最优可承受程度的过程中，&渐进&的改革方式好于&激进&的方式；经济发展速度越快，宏观环境越好，改革所要求的最优社会可承受程度越低，改革的力度就可以越大，经济发展有助于改革的推进。

At draw lessons from the abroad administration the examination and approval the system to reform the foundation of experience success on, bring upped the our countried the administrationed to examine and approve the systemed the leading that reformed thought, the target is with the basicprinciple that reform to should insist, and finally aim at our country the administration examine and approve reformation that the present condition of the system reformation, examine and approve to administration system proceeded to study, and bring upped reformation of main measure..

在借鉴国外行政审批制度改革成功经验的基础之上，提出了我国行政审批制度改革的指导思想、目标和改革应坚持的基本原则，最后针对我国行政审批制度改革的现状，对行政审批制度的改革进行了探讨，提出了改革的主要措施。

Firstly, successful curriculum reform should be made on the basis of a valid curriculum theory. Thus it requires that we discard the obsolete ideas and then improve the advancement of curriculum reform; Secondly, during the present of curriculum reform, we must clarify the relationship between inhering and recommend, enhancing and reform, ideal and reality, and guarantee the entirety and continuity of the elementary educational curriculum reform; Thirdly, as a systems engineering, curriculum reform need a rational system of organization to assure it, meanwhile, the corresponding set reform should also be taken; In these years, curriculum integration has become an important and powerful development trend. It will end not only the state of the disintegration and opposition, but also end a kind of traditional curriculum theory and ideological patterns that people has held for a long time.

近20年来的基础教育课程改革的发展历程，既为当前的课程改革提供了许多的经验与指南、问题与教训，也留下了许多研究与思考的问题：进行课程改革首先需要确保课程理念的正确，必须随时改革陈旧过时观念，这就要求课程改革不仅有成熟的理论基础，而且还要有科学的实验支持，从而提高课程改革的理论性、前瞻性和科学性，走一条理论创新与实践探索相互促进的道路；课程改革在其渐进发展过程中需要明确继承与借鉴、发扬与变革、理想与现实等的关系，把握改革的整体性和持续性；课程改革作为一项繁重的系统工程，需要以健全合理的体制做保证，同时相应的配套改革措施应同步进行；课程整合作为一种重要的发展趋势逐渐为人们所关注，它要结束的不仅是一种分割、分离、彼此对立的状态，更是要结束人们长期以来的一种旧有课程理念和思维方式。

The authors put forward and demonstrated the direction and basic contents of the reform of Olympics in the early 21" century" to reform in order to realize Olympic spirit; to continue to reform for "sliming" Olympics; to deepen the reform of Olympic management and to reform specifically for handling potential crises.

提出和论证了21世纪前期奥林匹克改革的方向和基本内容：为全面实现奥林匹克主义进行改革；为奥运&瘦身&继续改革；深化奥林匹克管理改革和针对潜在危机进行改革。

To develop socialist commodity economy we must eliminate social ideological balks on the planning and the market.

本文认为，坚持改革开放的正确方向，必须坚持以经济建设为中心，不断排除以阶级斗争为纲的干扰；必须坚持生产力标准，克服历史唯心主义；必须坚持发展社会主义商品经济，消除计划和市场上的意识形态障碍；必须坚持改革开放为发展服务，使我们的国民经济每隔几年就上一个新台阶，在两种社会制度的竞争中，赢得人群众对社会主义在支持和拥护；必须正确处理改革开放中的倾向性问题，不要随便贴标笺，扣帽子；必须坚持反丑恶、反腐败的斗争，警惕出现以权钱交易为特征的贿赂经济，必须坚持德才兼备的干部标准，选拔坚持党的改革开放路线，并有政绩的人去领导改革开放；必须十分讲究政策策略，团结和依靠广大干部和群众与我们一道进行改革开放，防止把群众推到改革的对立面。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。