改进

Also by earnestly studing and investigating in practice, some orginal devices and expresimental methods have been improved on; for : the progress of the gas admeasurement in the gas explosion,and the betterment of the explosion suppression equipments.

同时在实践中认真探索和钻研，对原有的一些设备和实验方法进行了改进，如：气体爆炸实验中配气方法的改进、爆炸抑制装置的改进等。

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

The process reuse architechure raised in the paper both support abstract process model cycle and practical process instance cycle mechanism, which can realizes dymamic improvement for both organization standard software process and practical project software process. So, the process reuse architecture provides necessary support for application of process improvement technology.

本文提出的过程复用框架同时支持抽象过程模型层面以及具体过程实例层面双重循环机制，可以实现组织标准软件过程和具体项目实例的动态改进，为CMM过程改进提供了一种具体的实施技术和方法，对过程改进技术的应用提供了必要的完善和补充。

In order to improve the problems from HDT-55 truntable filters, measures are taken as follows:cloth water and distributing trough are rotated clock-wise at 10～15°, athodyd combustion chamber enlarged, filter cloth washing nozzle, ring-shaped pipe material improved.

为了改进HDT-55转台过滤机使用中暴露出的布料布水槽角度不合理、栈桥及支架腐蚀严重、滤布冲洗水喷头易堵、钢衬胶真空环形管易起泡等问题，采取了如下措施：将布水、布料槽顺时针转10～15°，增加吸气室空间，改进滤布冲洗喷头总成，改进环形管材质等。

Simplier and more efficient ion extraction methods for atomic vapor laser isotope separation AVLIS were evaluated using a 2-D electron-equilibrium model to compute and compare three electrostatic methods the parallel electrode method, the Π type electrode method, and the improved M type electrode method.

为探索用于原子蒸气激光同位素分离AVLIS的简单有效的离子引出方法，用二维流体理论电子平衡模型计算比较了3种静电场方法平行板电场法，Π型电极法，改进M型电极法计算发现，二维流体理论电子平衡模型并不能很好地描述Π型电极法对另外两种静电场方法，计算了不同外加电压、不同的初始原子密度和不同的目标同位素丰度等条件下的离子引出情况从计算结果可以看出，改进M型电极法不论是从离子引出时间还是从碰撞损失率，都要比平行板电极法好得多当外加电压较高或初始原子密度较高时，这种好处就更加明显因此，改进M型电极法是一种可供实际采用的比较好的静电场方法

In this paper we propose an approach to augment the algorithm described before to improve their performance by defining the conditional probability distribution of different composition of continuous and discrete attributes, and implement these new modified algorithms in Weka. To reduce the storage complexity of the AODE algorithm, we used the selective ensemble method to modify it.

在本文中我们提出了通过有效地定义条件概率分布来改善基于朴素贝叶斯分类器的改进算法的性能的方法，并在Weka的框架下实现了我们提出的改进算法，同时考虑到AODE算法较高的空间复杂度，我们利用选择性集成的思想对AODE算法进行了改进，以降低其存储空间复杂度。

The series-wound dashpot of the Burgers model is modified by introducing the strain hardening parameter, and the new model is considered as a combination of the modified dashpot and the Van Der Poel model.

通过引入应变硬化变量，对Burgers模型中串联粘壶进行了改进，并将改进模型看成是由Van Der Poel模型与改进粘壶串联组成。

Then, an improved scheme was proposed, whose security was based on the Discrete Logarithm Problem.

然后，对原方案进行了改进，改进后的方案同样没有对运算。改进方案的安全性基于离散对数困难问题。

In this paper introduced the theory of quality improvement and the tools of quality analyze: arrangement diagram and fishbone diagram.

本文阐述了质量改进的基本原理，介绍了实施质量分析和改进的两个基本工具：排列图和因果图，通过对印刷品质量问题实施质量分析，并提出改进措施，有助于印刷企业印刷产品质量的大幅提高。

Based on the analysis on manufacture process of domestic yarn-dyed weaving company – Tianjin Tiange Textile Co,.

本文通过对国内知名色织生产企业天津田歌纺织有限公司的生产流程进行分析，指出田歌纺织利用信息技术改进产品交货期的动因所在，对田歌公司通过提升生产计划水平改进产品交货期、通过建立预警体系改进产品交货期、通过实施基于TCT的绩效考核方法改进产品交货期三方面的动因进行了剖析。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。