改良的

The synthesis of the pentacyclic skeleton of Et-743 and the construction of the five chiral centers thereof.1. The core pentacyclic skeleton of phthalascidin was constructed with L-dopa as the starting material via thirteen steps. First, two basic synthons, the C-1 functionalized tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds 8 and N-protected Z-dopa derivative 9, were prepared from L-dopa. They were coupled via amide bond to form the dipeptide compounds 10, which were the first key intermediates. Then the primary hydroxyl groups were transformed into the corresponding amino aldehydes 11 via Swern oxidation. Followed by the intramolecular Pictet-Spengler cyclization, the pentacyclic compounds 12 were synthesized.

五环骨架的构建及五个正确手性中心的确立：1.1我们以L-多巴为起始原料，经过多步官能团保护和转化合成了基本结构单元8然后和苯丙氨酸衍生物9，通过缩合反应生成酰胺中间体10，经Swern氧化得到醛化合物11，然后再次利用分子内改良的Pictet-Spengler反应一步构建c，d两环，得到五环骨架化合物12，最后，实现了21-位羰基向氰基的转化，得到了C-1位官能化的化合物14，化合物14不但具有和Et-743一致的五环骨架，而且分子中五个手性中心立体构型也与其完全相同：其中，3，位和13，位的手性中心由原料L-多巴带入，而1，位，11，位和21，位手性中心则通过不对称诱导而确立。

The spores of Cheilolejeunea ventricosa X.L.He were cultured on MS media (without acid and vitamin, pH=6.2, with 1% agar and 1% sucrose). The sporeling development and oil body ontogeny were observed. After a 55-day-long axenic culture, young plants were obtained successfully. Sodium hypochlorite solution was used to sterilize the capsules. Our results revealed that the sterilizing treatment with 0.1% Sodium hypochlorite solution for a period of 5 seconds was optimal. Oil bodies in primary protonemata are nearly homogeneous, but distinctly compound in the leaf cells of the primary leafy shoots.

首次研究了膨叶唇鳞苔的孢子萌发、原丝体和油体发育及配子体发生的过程，结果表明：(1)使用经过改良的MS培养基（不加氨基酸和维生素，pH值为6.2，琼脂和蔗糖浓度均为1%）能在55 d左右的时间利用孢子培养获得植物体；(2)用0.1%的次氯酸钠溶液，消毒5 s是消毒孢子的最佳方案；(3)油体在孢子萌发初期为均一型，到幼叶发生后，成为可见的聚合型，但聚合的程度比野生材料要弱。

It is reliable method to construct subseries cell lines of bladder neoplasm strains with improved invasive experiment,and the subseries cell lines can be used as cell model for studies of bladder carcinoma′s invasiveness and metastasis.

运用改良的侵袭实验筛选膀胱癌细胞系的高侵袭力亚系的方法是可靠的，建立的高侵袭力亚系细胞为今后对膀胱癌侵袭及转移的研究提供了较为可靠的细胞模型。

In the course of establishing standard operating procedure, The temperature, time , the feasibility without decorticating and efficiency were investigated when alliinase was deactivated used a dry heating apparatus in tunnel type, but the efficiency can be achieved less than 70%, need to be improved; The reformative cribriform plate has been proved to be good in practice result in pulping enzyme-deactivated garlic without dehulling; The extraction efficiency achieved more than 90% when volumic ratio of 20% alcohol and water is 3 I 1 and 2:1 was adopted to extract alliin two times respectively; During exact filtration, the ratio of diatomite in precoating and filtration was 3% and 1% respectively, the losses of alliin adsorbed by diatomite in extraction solution were not remarkable. In the stage of alliin isolation by ion exchange resin, three simple and sensitive detected measures were successfully adopted to control the whole process; the efficiency of alliin isolation was similar to laboratory results; The alliin yield was over 50% in acidic fractions and the purity quotient of alliin achieved above 50% after drying; Furthermore, the phenomenon was found that losses of alliin were seriously affected by the temperature and time periods in concentration.

在制定中试生产标准操作规程中，考察了隧道式干热烘干机杀酶的温度、时间和效率，干热灭酶效率只能达到70%，待改进；改良的筛板使带皮打浆效果良好，证明非脱皮熟蒜打浆的可行性，减少了工序，降低了成本；提取过程中，20%酒精分别1∶3和1∶2提取2次，效率达90%以上；硅藻土板框过滤时，探索了精滤过程中提取液中预涂和过滤时硅藻土的比例分别为3%和1%，并考察硅藻土对蒜氨酸的吸附损失，滤液澄明度良好，蒜氨酸损失很少；在树脂吸附分离阶段，采用三种简便灵敏检测手段控制生产过程，分离蒜氨酸的效果与实验室一致，酸性流分中蒜氨酸收率可达50%以上，干燥后蒜氨酸纯度达50%以上；试验发现浓缩蒜氨酸洗脱液时温度和浓缩时间对蒜氨酸损失的具有很大影响。

Our experiment aim at use the acupuncture method"Wang's Jiaji points"which created by the famous doctor Leting wang from Beijing hospital of TCM at the early days of the stroke patients to prevent and treat hypermyotonia,prevent muscle spasm or lessen the spasm level,to improve the stroke patient's ADL.that study is a prospective , randomized, double-blind,parallel-group,use the random digits table method,and compared with the"twelve points of hands and feet",which used frequently at acupuncture department of Beijing hospital of TCM.we use the NIHSS scale, improved Ashworth scale,domestic Fugl-Meyer scale, castigatory MBI scale to score the patients'muscular tension and motor function improvement condition.

本试验旨在在中风病人患病早期应用北京中医院名老中医王乐亭先生的&王氏夹脊穴&预防性治疗肌张力增高，防止肌痉挛的出现或减轻其痉挛程度，以改善中风患者的生活质量。在试验设计方面以北京中医院针灸科目前治疗中风应用较多的&手足十二针&为对照治疗方法采用随机、单盲、平行对照设计。并应用NIHSS、改良的Ashworth量表、国内简化的Fugl-Meyer运动评分法、修订的巴氏指数评分方法对患者治疗前后进行评分以了解患者肌张力增高情况及运动功能改善情况。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

To get more factors associated with erythropoiesis in K562 cells, modified differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method was applied to identify genes with differential expression in uninduced and hemin-induced K562 cells. Remarkable differential ESTs were firstly selected for cloning, sequencing and analyzed with bioinformatics methods.

为了进一步获得分化过程中相关基因表达的信息，我们应用改良的差异显示RT-PCR技术，分析K562细胞在Hemin诱导的红系分化前后的基因表达变化，获得红系分化相关基因的线索，进而确定在红系分化中起重要作用的基因，并研究它们的作用机制。

I designed a risk appraisal model based on the measure method of risk degree of Robert Simons risk exposure calculation model. This model follows quantitating as possible principle and use quantitative method combined with qualitative method. In the model, qualitative tables use asking form and quantitative tables use reformed Walt point system.

以Robert Simons的风险暴露计算模型中对风险程度的划分为基础，遵循&能定量则定量&的原则，采用定性和定量相结合的方法，设计了一套简单实用的企业风险评估表，其中定性评估表采用问项的形式，定量评估表采用改良的沃尔评分法。

In the case of decorative zinc electroplatings, a further enhancement of the appearance of such substrates in addition to the corrosion resistance imparted is achieved by the passivate film which ranges from a clear bright to a light blue bright appearance simulating that of a chromium deposit or alternatively, a clear light-yellow appearance simulating that obtained by use of prior art hexavalent chromium solutions.

可选择的治疗方法，可进一步遏制卤化物包括氟离子、氯化物和溴化物离子进一步增加了硬度钝化膜以及一个或多个兼容为实现高效润湿剂接触基板对待。现在的发明特别地可适用但是不限制在碱而产生酸非氰化物的锌的治疗使电解沉积传授对被对待的基体改良的腐蚀抵抗和装饰的外表。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology change of spinal cord was detected by light microscope and electronmicroscope, secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor was measured by immunohistochemistry and PT-PCR, and the combine behavioral score was used to assess the functional recovery of spinal cord. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry result showed that OECs transplantation could partly reduce the number of apoptosis cells in spinal gray matter, delay cells reduction in spinal white matter, and accelerate the medullary sheath repair and regeneration.

主要观察指标：应用光学显微镜、电子显微镜观察脊髓形态的变化，采用免疫组织化学、PT-PCR 的方法检测脊髓组织脑源性神经营养因子的分泌，以改良的Gale联合行为评分法对脊髓功能进行评定，结果：免疫组织化学检测显示，嗅鞘细胞移植能部分改善大鼠脊髓灰质神经细胞的凋亡程度，延缓白质神经纤维的减少，促进髓鞘的修复与再生。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！