改制

According to the higher demands, and in connection with the actual work, we presented the basic principles of restructuring work is : to transform to a limited liability company, the withdrawal of all state assets, so that enterprises can truly become independent, self win again, self-development, self-restraint legal entity and market competitors. A new property relations, sound corporate governance structures, promoting institutional change mechanisms and the establishment of the industry characteristics, its own characteristics, full of vigor and vitality geotechnical companies; the principles of openness, fairness, justice, innovation, careful appraisal and strict procedures, standards, actively and steadily push forward the reform; correctly handle the state, the collective and individual interests, and conscientiously carry out the ideological and political work and stability, stock assets in the settlement of historical issues, security restructuring smooth and orderly manner.

根据上级要求，结合工作实际，我们提出了改制工作的基本原则是：以有限责任公司改造为突破口，国有资产全部退出，使企业真正成为自主经营、自负赢亏、自我发展、自我约束的法人实体和市场竞争主体；构建新型产权关系，健全法人治理结构，促进体制和机制转换，建立符合行业特点、自身特色、充满生机和活力的岩土工程公司；遵循公开、公平、公正原则，大胆创新，谨慎论证，严格程序，规范操作，积极稳妥地推进改革；正确处理国家、集体、个人三者利益，认真做好思想政治工作和稳定工作，用存量资产解决历史问题，保障改制工作顺利有序地进行。

It concludes that the reformis derivedfromthestruggle between"idealist"and"conventionalist"is groundless ;the practice of worship ingthe"heavenly deities"and"earthly deities"does not actually create two kinds of city gods ;the so calledthird year"reform"has little todo withthe Ming policies towards Taoism;the regulations issuedinthe third year of the H.

文章针对日本学者滨岛敦俊关于洪武三年城隍祭祀"改制"的三篇论文指出：所谓改制背景为"理念派"与"惯习派"之争说法出于虚构；洪武三年二月份祀天神、地礻氏并未造成"两种城隍"；洪武三年"改制"与明朝对道教的政策无关；洪武三年所定祭祀城隍规则曾得推行，后来才发生变化。

The study shows that the share corporative system is the way to effective transtition of the medium-and-small-sized state-owned enterprises.

国企转轨所涉及的产权交易和存量资产流动、重组的成效是成功转轨，建立现代企业制度的关键，而进行股份合作改制则是国有中小企业改制的有效途径。

In terms of litigation, Lawyer Dai has successfully represented a dispute over advance payment for medical charges filed by victim of traffic accident escaper against PICC, the first case of the same nature in China, the claim for recovery of personal properties during existing and valid marriage, the first case of the same nature in Tianjin, under which as much as USD 60,000 was redeemed for the client, Robbery by Ilias, a Russian, tax erosion by Gao Lihong, a Taiwanese and other major and influential cases.

代律师具有极强的敬业精神、踏实的工作作风以及应变能力，在诉讼和非诉讼领域均取得突出成绩，诉讼中成功代理全国首例交通肇事逃逸案件伤者起诉中国人民保险公司预付医疗费纠纷案、新婚姻法实施后本市首例婚内起诉返还个人财产案（为当事人挽回损失6万余美元）以及伊丽亚斯抢劫案、高丽红偷税案等重大影响案件，现代理封金花等多人诉天津环球磁卡股份有限公司证券虚假陈述案，为天津市首例国有企业改制——天津市通源淀粉厂企业改制出具法律意见书，并担任本市多家大型规模公司的常年法律顾问。

We also consider the sources of the gain in firm performance and the long-run impacts of ownership reform.

此外，我们还分析了改制影响经济效益的渠道、国有控股和非国有控股的差别、以及改制效果的可持续性。

Competent commercial departments at all localities shall actively coordinate pertinent local departments for support small and medium circulation enterprises to promulgate tax and financial support policies related to pioneering work encouragement and supports given to small and medium circulation enterprises for business innovation, technical innovation and market exploration, reduce costs for the restructuring and reform of small and medium circulation enterprises, encourage the financing by means of income from operation of state-owned enterprises' assets, liquidity of commercial land, reduction of state-owned capital in circulation enterprises, transfer and financial allocation, in places where conditions permit, set up special funds for the reform of state-owned small and medium circulation enterprises which shall be used to pay the restructuring fee which is payable by and fails to be paid by restructured enterprises lacking strength to do so, and to pay the social insurance and economic compensation, the payment of which the cash after liquidity of assets of enterprises in bankruptcy is not sufficient to cover, actively coordinate with the local department for real estate administration for its support, solve problems on the ownership of commercial real estate which has been used for long by state-owned small and medium circulation enterprises, and earnestly implement the preferential policies of the State concerning the reemployment of laid-off workers by enterprises and concerning the establishment of small and medium enterprises by laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises.

各地商务主管部门要积极协调当地有关部门出台鼓励创业、支持中小流通企业经营创新、技术创新和开拓市场的税收政策和金融支持政策，降低中小流通企业的改革、改制成本。鼓励有条件的地方通过国有企业资产经营收益、商业用地变现、流通企业国有资本减持、转让以及财政拨付等方式筹措资金，建立国有中小流通企业改革的专项资金，用于无力支付改制费用企业的改制费用以及破产企业资产变现后不足支付职工社会保险、经济补偿等方面费用。要积极协调，争取地方房产管理部门的支持，解决国有中小流通企业长期使用的商业用房产权归属问题。要认真落实国家关于企业吸纳下岗职工就业和国有企业下岗职工创办中小企业的优惠政策。

Against this background, there have been inevitably many discrepancies in the labor-capital relations at different period of the reform of state-owned enterprises, and workers are marching toward market under the situation of general adoption of market principle.

在这一时代背景下，国有企业改制前、改制过程中和改制后的劳资关系必然存在种种差异，劳动者将在市场化的趋势下逐步走向市场。

Those problems include: It is serious that enterprise talent run off in reform process; enterprise employees enthusiasm is not been high and is negative to conflict because inapprehension alter policy; Employees is thorough pessimistic disappointment to enter market because no confidence and the market adaptability difference; Between employee and employee as well as between employee and enterprise produce contradiction very easily etc.

铁二院主辅分离、辅业改制过程中人力资源出现的问题主要包括：改制过程中企业人才流失严重；企业员工对企业改制政策理解不透，积极性不高，消极抵触；员工对改制企业进入市场没有信心，悲观失望以及员工进入市场时适应性差；员工与员工之间以及员工与企业之间很容易产生矛盾等问题。

A comparison is made the laws on debts transfer among the Civil Law Systems and the Common Law Systems. The author presents problems of debts transfer during the process of the SOEs' systematic reformation and reorganization through nomological and doctrinal analysis. Finally, the author provides legislative and judiciary suggestions and concrete measures to standardize the reorganization, protect the rights and interests of creditors, and prevent the state-owned assets from losing.

笔者对债务转移的概念、分类和生效要件进行了详细的阐述，对大陆法系和英美法系的有关债务转移的法律规制进行了比较研究，对我国国有企业重组改制中的债务转移问题，从法理上、学理上进行了分析，指出了国有企业重组改制存在的问题，为规范国有企业重组改制的行为，保护债权人的利益，防止国有资产流失，提出了立法上和司法上以及具体操作上的具体对策。

Of sleep of emperor spruce pull out, think to change making is to take a form, turn over a card and oneself, do not change without what good; 2 it is do-nothing theory, think to reform already success, as the company hang out one's shingle, reform also accuses end; 3 it is to have nothing to do theory, think to change make did not concern with own job, do not go learn and excogitating showing new issue.

改制后一些企业普遍存在着三种思想倾向：一是无用论，认为改制是走形式，翻牌而己，改不改没有什么用处；二是无为论，认为改革已大功告成，随着公司的挂牌，改革也告结束；三是无关论，认为改制与本职工作没有关系，不去学习和研究出现的新问题。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐