收缩肌

TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome by promoting renal vasoconstriction.

TNF-α可能是通过增强三磷酸肌醇受体表达促进肾血管收缩，在肝肾综合征的发病机制中发挥重要作用。

Angiectasis, permeability were increased , inflammatory cell were transuded; The cardiac muscle injury conditions after hypoxia 4 h were similar with hypoxia 2h group, appeared lipid droplet, implied the oxidative metabolism of lipid got obstacle started from then; The cardiac muscle injuried conditions were got little improvement in hypoxia 6 and 8 hours team, mitochondria were increased and aggregatived, normal cell junction, sarcomere contract weaked; in hypoxia 10h group , mitochondria were increased and aggregatived obviously, a few glycogenosome were assembled, transverse tubule were expanded, all the changes may be the adaption of Gansu zokors in the hypoxia tolerance process to 4% hypoxia extent gradually.

在4%严重低氧耐受过程中，甘肃鼢鼠心肌超微结构在2h组出现血管扩张，通透性增加，有炎细胞渗出，异染色质边集；4h组心肌损伤状况与2h组接近，出现脂滴，提示脂类的氧化代谢在此时开始发生障碍，6和8h组心肌损伤状况逐渐好转，线粒体聚集增多，细胞连接正常，肌小节收缩较前有所减弱；10组线粒体增多聚集，线粒体脊增粗更为明显，少量糖原颗粒聚集，脂滴较前有所减少，横小管扩张增大变粗，出现了与能量代谢有关的结构适应性变化。

Experiments have proved that when the arteriole produce durative contraction, skeletal muscle cramps occur, numbness, etc.

实验证明，当小动脉发生持续性收缩时，骨胳肌发生痉挛跳动，肢体麻木等现象。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of Radix Astragali and antagonists on guinea pigs bladder detrusor strips in vitro.

主要观察指标：黄芪及拮抗剂加黄芪对豚鼠离体膀胱逼尿肌条收缩活动的影响。

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of Radix Astragali on bladder detrusor muscle of guinea pigs, and to examine the possible mechanism of its action.

目的：观察黄芪对豚鼠离体膀胱逼尿肌条收缩活动的影响，并初步探讨其作用机制。

The patient was a 66-year-old male who presented with paraparesis. On examination, strength was 5/5 in both upper extremities and 3-4/5 in both lower extremities. Pricking sensation was relatively retarded below the sixth thoracic vertebra on both sides. Fine-touch sensation was limited below the ninth thoracic vertebra on the right side and below the eleventh thoracic vertebra on the left side. Responses to vibration and joint position sense were well preserved. Deep tendon reflexes were increased in his legs. He had voluntary anal contraction and preserved anal and bulbocavernous reflexes. MRI revealed dissection of the descending aorta from T4 to T10 levels with thrombus present in the false lumen, and the thoracic cord was marked atrophy, especially from T6 to T8 levels. To the best of our knowledge, no such case had been reported so far.

这是一位66岁的男性病患，到院时以下半身轻截瘫来表现，检查后发现其双上肢肌力为5/5而双下肢肌力则为3-4/5，刺痛觉在两侧第六胸椎以下异常，轻触觉在右侧第九胸椎与左侧第十一胸椎以下异常，震动觉与本体感觉则皆属正常，深肌腱反射在两下肢均有异常增强的情形，肛门的主动收缩正常且肛门反射与球体海绵体肌反射均正常，核磁共振影像显示降主动脉在T4到T10处有剥离的情形并於伪腔内发现血栓，此外，病患之胸部脊髓则有明显萎缩的现象，以T6到T8处最为明显，就目前可见的文献资料，并无类似的报告被提出。

Results Capsulae aloes could significantly promote liqid secretion of intestinal tract in rats, enhanced amplitude and frequency of intestinal muscle with rabbit in vivo.

结果 芦荟胶囊可明显促进大鼠肠道水分的分泌，增强家兔在体肠肌收缩幅度及频率。

If the urethral resistance can be reduced by botulinum A toxin injection, patients with detrusor underactivity might restore voiding efficacy by abdominal straining or the Crede maneuver, and even discontinue intermittent catheterization or remove their cystostomy.

如果可以利用注射botulinum A toxin使得尿道阻力减少，那麼逼尿肌膀胱收缩不良病患就可以利用腹部用力，或在下腹部两旁搓压迫膀胱促进排空尿液，甚至以间歇性导尿，恢复排尿能力。

If the urethral resistance can be reduced by botulinum A toxin injection, patients with detrusor underactivity might restore voiding efficacy by abdominal straining or the Crede maneuver, and even discontinue intermittent catheterization or remove their cystostomy.

如果可以利用注射botulinum A toxin使得尿道阻力减少，那么逼尿肌膀胱收缩不良病患就可以利用腹部用力，或在下腹部两旁搓压迫膀胱促进排空尿液，甚至以间歇性导尿，恢复排尿能力。

A clear cause-and-effect relationship between excessive myocardial MMP-1 activity, increased mysial collagen degradation, and progression to systolic HF has been shown experimentally through the use of transgenic models and the use of pharmacological MMP activators.53,54 In addition, experimental evidence has been provided showing that following chronic neurohormonal activation, increased synthesis and release of MMPs into the local extracellular matrix of the cardiomyocyte occurs,55 which in turn could contribute to endomysial and perimysial collagen degradation and disruption.

一个明显的因果过多的心肌MMP-1关系活动， mysial增加胶原蛋白的降解和进展收缩性心力衰竭已被证明试验，通过使用转基因模型和使用的MMP药理作用此外，activators.53，54实验证据下面被提供显示慢性神经激活时，增加的MMPs合成和释放到当地的细胞外基质的心肌细胞发生，55反过来有助于人肌内膜和 perimysial胶原退化和破坏。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。