收敛指数

The method of the research in the paper is impellent,and the basal research course is the following.Firstly,the author uses the Theil coefficient and Gini coefficient to analyze the regional economic gap,and decomposes the structure in China.At the same time,the author tests theσconvergence,the absoluteβconvergence,the conditionalβconvergence and the club convergence.Secondly, the author analyzes the forming reason and mechanism of the regional economic gap in China.

本文研究过程中采取逐步深入的推进方法，其基本研究思路是：首先，使用基尼系数和泰勒指数对中国地区经济发展差距的历史演变轨迹进行了分析，并对其形成结构进行了分解，同时对中国经济增长的σ收敛、绝对β收敛、条件β收敛和"俱乐部"收敛进行了检验，以此为基础形成了对中国地区经济发展差距的全面了解；其次，以新古典增长理论和新增长理论为基础对中国地区经济发展差距的形成机制进行了分析；再次，以FDI非均衡分布为视角对中国地区经济发展差距的形成机制进行了解释；最后，提出了本文的政策建议。

It carries out absolute convergence test, club convergence test and conditional convergence test on the provincial productivity incorporating all the three environmental pollutants and incorporating no environmental pollutants respectively.

研究发现，省级TFP指数存在发散趋势，省级技术效率指数表现出了收敛趋势，省级技术进步指数没有表现出收敛趋势。

Based on the analysis of the mechanism of robot manipulators, a trajectory tracking controlling research model is first built up with ADAMS, and its mathematical model is formulated through the study of robot kinematics and dynamics. After the modeling errors are analyzed in practical robotic systems, a conception of centralized error is brought forward according to the theory of weighting functions. In the case of modeling errors' exist, the robotic uncertain model is derived by introducing an auxiliary control variable into inverse dynamic analysis. The control strategy of robust exponential convergence is applied to the robotic uncertain model, the applicable conditions and the applicable controller with this application are presented. The stable control effect under three main model uncertainties (parametric errors, joint disturbs, joint frictions) are systematically studied on the previously built research model. The problems of robust exponential convergence controller which often results in unstable output and so produces a large relative error when the input trajectory is in a small range are resolved by adjusting the control parameters based on the controller's structure.

本文在机械手的机械结构分析基础上，利用ADAMS建立了用于机械手轨线跟踪控制研究的机械手模型；通过对机器人运动学和动力学问题的研究，建立了机械手研究的数学模型；分析了机器人系统中模型误差的主要来源，根据加权函数法分析，提出了模型集中误差的概念；在存有模型误差的情况下，采用逆动力学结构并引入辅助控制量，由机器人误差模型推导了机器人非确定性模型；提出了采用鲁棒指数收敛法对上述机器人非确定性模型进行鲁棒镇定的控制策略，并给出了对机器人进行鲁棒指数收敛控制时系统不确定因素应满足的匹配条件；针对机械手研究模型，深入研究了鲁棒指数收敛控制器对机器人系统中常见的模型参数误差、关节扰动、关节摩擦等不确定因素的镇定控制效果；针对鲁棒指数收敛控制器易产生控制量振荡的问题以及在小范围内系统轨线跟踪的稳态误差过大问题，本文分别提出了基于控制器结构的控制参数调整法和基于轨线跟踪范围大小的控制参数分段切换法。

Based on the measurement and calculation of Chinese agricultural Total Factor Productivity using the non-parameter Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist productivity index approach,the paper has tested the convergence hypothesis of the agricultural TFP growth in China for the transformational period(1978~2005),and this includes the σ convergence,unconditional β convergence and the conditional β convergence.

在利用非参数的DEA曼奎斯特生产率指数方法对中国农业全要素生产率进行求解的基础上，论文运用经济增长收敛理论对农业TFP(Total Factor Produc-tivity)增长在1978~2005年转型期的收敛性情况进行检验，这包括从σ收敛、绝对β收敛到条件β收敛的全面检验。

In this thesis,we investigated the order of growth and the exponent of convergence of the solution of linear differential equations.

本文研究了线性微分方程解的增长级与收敛指数。

In this paper, we study the finite iterated order of growth and the iterated convergence exponent of the zero sequence of nonzero meromorphic solutions of second order homogeneous linear differential equation , and obtain some precision evaluation.

摘要研究了二阶齐次线性微分方程非零亚纯解的迭代级与零点迭代收敛指数，得到了它们的精确估计。

In chapter 3,we investigated the relationship between exponent of convergence to zero - sequence of the solution of certain homogeneous linear differential equation f + Af = 0 and the order of growth of A.

第四部分研究了一类二阶线性微分方程f+Q_1e~(p_1+Q_2e~(p_2)+Q/df=0中p_1，p_2首项系数的比值对方程解的零点收敛指数的影响，并推广到更广泛一类方程。

In chapter 2,we discuss the problem of the relationship between the solution of non - homogeneous linear differential and small function.

其中第二部分讨论了非齐次线性微分方程解取小函数的收敛指数，第三部分研究了齐次线性微分方程f~+Af=0的解的零点收敛指数与A的级的关系。

In this project,we primarily investigated the growth of solutions of some types of differential equations,and the hyper order,the exponents of convergence of zeros and fixed points of solutions with infinite order, especially, expononts of convergence of fixed points of first, second order derivatives and differential polynomials of solutions.

中文摘要：在本项目中，重点研究了几种类型的微分方程解的增长性，及无穷级解的超级，零点收敛指数，不动点收敛指数，特别是解的一阶，二阶导数及微分多项式的不动点收敛指数。

Complex differential equation; hyper order; fixed point; exponont of convergence; disc.

中文主题词：复域微分方程；超级；不动点；收敛指数；单位圆。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。