收敛性

More importantly, some backward countries have realized a successful catchup or even a leap-frog process in these periods. From a long time to review the world economic growth imbalance, it is mainly demonstrated as the shifts of leadership in technology and economy.

但是，在某些特定的历史时期，各国之间的经济增长也表现出了一定的收敛性，并因此导致了国家之间总的经济实力的变化，或者某些后起国在特定阶段成功的追赶甚至超越。

For the time term, we use central difference methods to discrete; for the space term,we use finite volume element methods to discrete.

对方程的时间项，我们采用中心差分的方法离散，对空间项采用有限体积元方法进行离散，文中对误差给收敛性和稳定性给出了分析，同时给出了一些数值结果。

The convergence and choice of the step size under the condition of the changeless base set is discussed.

讨论了在基不变条件下，算法的收敛性和迭代步长的选择问题。

Numerical simulations of flow structure around a circular cylinder in oscillatory flow, ranging in Kc from 1 to 5 and β from 10 to 1665, are presented in the paper.

并与U型振荡水槽中的流场涡结构显示照片比较，计算结果表明，数值解在稳定性和收敛性方面都是比较好的。

In addition,the adaptive robust controller is designed to implement smith variable structure control;and the convergence of closed loop system is verified.

设计了自适应鲁棒控制器以实现光滑的变结构控制，证明了闭环系统的收敛性。

In this algorithm, first, a crowed comparison operator is used to sort and select individuals according to the characteristics of multi-objective optimization. Then, a non-uniform mutation operator is applied to the observation populations to preserve the convergency of the solutions and to improve the precision of local search. Finally, a diversity-preserving operator is employed to delete the observation populations for the purpose of preserving the solution diversity.

首先，根据多目标优化特点，使用多目标密度比较算子对量子种群进行排序和筛选；然后，应用非均匀变异算子对观测种群进行变异以保持解的收敛性并提高局部搜索的能力；最后，使用多样性保持算子对观测种群进行删减以保持解的多样性。

The primary work of this paper includes: 1 The general process and the fundamental theory of genetic algorithm is introduced systematically, which is also be applied to an example; 2 The penalty function method and the constraint tournament method are introduced in the paper, which are used to process the constraint limit. Via analyzing the basic principle of NSGA-II ,which is elaborated in the paper, the fast non- dominated sorting method, congestion distance and its comparison operator, the elite strategy and the main process of NSGA-II is researched particularly. 3 Via modeling the fire distribution problem, the model is computed by the algorithm of NSGA-II, which is combined with both the penalty function method and the restraint league tournament method The optimization of two goals are also realized in the paper. The results derived from the VC++6.0 indicate that, two algorithms both have the high convergence, simultaneously the Pareto optimal solution also maintain the variety of distribution.

本文所作的主要工作如下：系统地介绍了遗传算法的一般流程和基本理论，并应用于一个函数优化的实例；研究了用于处理约束限制的罚函数法和约束联赛法，论述了NSGA-II的基本原理，并对其提出的快速非支配排序法、拥挤度及其比较算子、精英策略及NSGA-II的主要流程作了详细的研究；建立了火力分配问题的模型，并将NSGA-II算法分别与罚函数法和约束联赛法相结合对该模型进行了计算，实现了对两个目标的最优化；用VC++6.0编程计算后所得的结果表明，两种算法均具有很好的收敛性，同时Pareto最优解也保持了好的多样性分布。

Except that the specifications of the single-objective real-valued quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm are kept, the proposed algorithm has three main features to enhance the RQIEA. First, the crowed comparison operator is used to sort and select individuals in multi-objective sense. Second, the non-uniform mutation operator is applied to improve the precision for local search and to preserve the convergency for the solutions. Third, the diversity preserve operator is proposed to maintain the diversity.

该算法除保留求解单目标优化问题的实值量子演化算法的特点外，还有三个主要特征：首先，根据多目标优化特点，使用多目标密度比较算子对种群进行排序和筛选；其次，应用非均匀变异算子保持解的收敛性和提高局部搜索能力；再次，使用多样性保持算子来保持解的多样性。

In this paper, a new wide-neighborhood path-following algorithms for uniform P- function nonlinear complementary problems is presented, and its convergence and computational complexity is discussed. The results indicate that the algorithm is a polynomial-time one.

对一致P-函数非线性互补问题，提出了一种新的宽部域N(上标-下标∞路径跟踪算法，并讨论了该算法的收敛性及计算复杂性，分析结果表明，所给方法是一多项式时间算法。

We introduce the notion of fuzzy-valued continuous function on a compact set K in a metric space, and discuss its properties; On this base, we study the uniformly d∞-convergence of a sequence of fuzzy-valued continuous function on K. We prove that the space of fuzzy-valued continuous functions on K, i.e. C(K, E1), is a complete metric space with respect to the metric D.

引入了定义在某度量空间的紧子集K上的模糊数值连续函数和水平连续函数的概念，讨论了它们的某些性质；在此基础上，研究了K上模糊数值连续函数列的一致d∞-收敛性，证明了K上模糊数值连续函数空间C(K， E1)关于度量 D 构成一个完备的度量空间。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。