收敛

Firstly, an empirical approximation model of stochastic programming is obtained by replacing the probability measure of original program with empirical probability measure. Sequentially, the constrained stochastic programming is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained stochastic programming. Finally, using the epi-convergence theory, the almost everywhere upper semiconvergence of optimal solution set of empirical approximations for stochastic programming is obtained.

首先通过经验概率测度替代初始规划的概率测度得到随机规划的经验逼近模型，然后将带有约束的随机规划问题转化成与其等价的无约束的随机规划问题，最后利用上图收敛性理论，给出了随机规划经验逼近最优解集的几乎处处上半收敛性。

This iteration has a low speed of convergence, but converges always.

这个迭代具有较低的收敛速度，但收敛始终。

Property 1 If converges to ,then also converges, and

性质1 如果级数收敛于和，则级数也收敛，且其和为。

A commutation error is then considered in addition to the conventional residual error to generate the innovative residual error. Such an error is applied into cost functions to derive finite impulse response and infinite impulse response filter-based adaptive algorithms for ANC applications, referred to as FxRLS/CE and FuRLS/FRE+CE algorithms, respectively. Convergence analyses based on Lyapunov stability criteria for time-varying discrete-time systems can be carried out for the FxLMS/CE, FxRLS/CE and FuRLS/ FRE+CE algorithms to ensure stability. Computer simulations and experiments demonstrate that the innovative residual error-based adaptive algorithms can free the restriction of the slow-adaptation assumption in the conventional ANC approaches.

本文中也定义一交换误差并且加入到传统残留误差行形成新残留误差来改善适应性演算法的收敛速度，使用新残留误差推导出了有限脉冲响应滤波器与无限脉冲响应滤波器之适应演算法的新适应性演算法分别为： FxLMS/CE、 FxRLS/CE 和 FuRLS/FRE+CE 演算法，并且以离散时间的 Lyapunov 稳定性准则来证明演算法的收敛性，电脑模拟与实验也显示新演算法免除以往滤波器的参数必须缓慢更新的条件。

Simulation results show that the algorithm has better global convergence ability and rapider convergence velocity through optimization tests of benchmark functions.

通过标准函数的优化试验，仿真结果表明该算法有较强的全局收敛能力和较快的收敛速度。

Simulation results show that the algorithm has better global convergence ability and rapider convergence velocity through optimization tests of benchmark functions .

通过标准函数的优化试验，仿真结果表明该算法有较强的全局收敛能力和较快的收敛速度，以二级倒立摆为被控对象，利用ILGA优化T-S模糊神经网络控制器，实验证明了该方法具有稳态性好，响应速度快等优点。

Compared with traditional methods,the novel calibration approach expands the applications of the multi cameras and can find out the internal and external parameters simultaneously without the constraint for the ball bar movement.

与传统方法相比，本方法扩展到了多台摄像机应用场合并允许摄像机焦距各不相同，不需要对球杆的运动做任何限制，能够同时求解出摄像机内外参数，而改进的模拟退火进化策略改善了算法收敛速度和全局收敛性能。

The crossover operation in the traditional GA operating is that choose two chromosome cross only at random also you can cross a bit, match and cross partly, cross order and cross cycle etc.

传统GA算法中的交叉操作，是随机选取两个染色体进行单点交叉(也可以多点交叉、部分匹配交叉、顺序交叉和周期交叉等等)，但是不管是采用何种交叉操作，新的子代染色体某一基因位上的值都是由两个父代染色体中相应基因位值经过一定交叉运算(直接交换或经算术运算等)所得到的，采用这种交叉算子操作使群体经过多次迭代后群体中的个体开始出现极大的相似性，因此照此下去就会出现早期收敛现象，使得算法的收敛速度非常慢甚至只能求到问题的局部最优解。

The crossover operation in the traditional GA operating is that choose two chromosome cross only at random also you can cross a bit, match and cross partly, cross order and cross cycle etc.

传统GA算法中的交*操作，是随机选取两个染色体进行单点交*(也可以多点交*、部分匹配交*、顺序交*和周期交*等等)，但是不管是采用何种交*操作，新的子代染色体某一基因位上的值都是由两个父代染色体中相应基因位值经过一定交*运算(直接交换或经算术运算等)所得到的，采用这种交*算子操作使群体经过多次迭代后群体中的个体开始出现极大的相似性，因此照此下去就会出现早期收敛现象，使得算法的收敛速度非常慢甚至只能求到问题的局部最优解。

Paper [1]points out that GA with proportionalreproduction,adaptive crossover and mutation probabilitymeets the condition of elitist preserved GAand concludes AGAs global convergence from EGAs global convergence conclusion.At the same time,its considered the Markov chain AGA generates is inhomogeneous.

文[1]指出，具有比例复制和自适应交叉、变异操作的遗传算法满足最优保存GA的条件，则由EGA全局收敛的结论得出AGA也是全局收敛的；同时认为，AGA构成的Markov链为非时齐的。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。