收敛

By estimates of the spectral gap, Sobolev inequality and the weak convergence theory of stochastic process, we obtain that the annealing process converges in probability to a neighbourhood of the global minimal set of the potential function.

利用谱隙估计和Sobolev不等式方法以及随机过程的弱收敛理论我们得到这种退火过程依概率收敛到势函数的全局最小点附近。

In this paper, the sorting of wear, the mechanics of wear particle formed and the characteristics of wear particles are introduced, and morphology characteristics parameter of wear particle are determined, which is particle brim digital feature. Based on image characters, after pre-process, section and extracting of contour parameter of wear particle using image process technique, four shape character parameters are extracted by fourier series expansion. After analyzing fundamental principle and shortcomings of neural network, current BP algorithm is improved in output optimization, network linearization implication optimization and adding momentum, and then astringe speed of BP algorithm.

本文介绍了磨损的分类以及磨粒的生成机理、磨粒的形态特征，应用摩擦学系统分析的观点，确定磨粒边缘数字特征为磨粒的识别特征参数；根据磨粒图像的特征，利用计算机图像处理技术对磨粒图像进行预处理、分割、轮廓参数的提取，采用傅立叶级数展开式提取磨粒四个形状特征参数：圆形度、散射度、凹度、细长度；针对 BP(Back-Propagation)神经网络收敛速度慢的特点，对现行的 BP 算法进行改进，并通过实验验证改进后的网络收敛速度快；研究设计了磨粒图像采集系统；利用 BP 算法建立磨损磨粒自动识别算法模型 AWPRM(Auto Wear Particle Recognition Model)。

The paper is organized as follows. In chapter 2, we introduce some concepts about SEA, the abstract SEA model and the convergence definition of algorithm. In chapter 3, we describe firstly the evolution of PMA as an abstract stochastic process, and by characterizing axiomatically the properties of the fundamental selection and evolution operators, we conclude that PMA is essentially a kind of SEA.

本文结构安排如下：第二章介绍了模拟进化算法的一些基本概念、形式化随机过程描述以及收敛性定义；第三章对改进后的 PMA 各操作作了抽象定义，得到了 PMA 的形式化随机过程描述，并公理化地证明了各操作算子为选择或繁殖算子，从而得出 PMA本质上也是一种模拟进化算法；第四章先对选择算子特征数定义作了适当改进，并通过各进化算子的具体特征数指出，如果 PMA 不采取任何执行策略时，算法本身并不收敛。

The results show that the displacement of rock body may change direction in regulative distortion phase, the displacement presents periodicity according to the storing and the destroy of the energy of rock distortion, the quantity of displacement of the top is more than that of the bottom, the quantity of displacement and the destroy periodicity of the reinforced terrane infused plasm are less than that of the irreinforced terrane infused plasm, the convergence of bordroom is the displacement of certain thickness wall rock of surface layer.

得出：岩体在调整变形阶段可能改变位移方向，岩石破坏呈现周期性，洞室边墙上部比边墙脚位移大；注浆加固后的岩层比未加固岩层的位移小，破坏周期短；洞室的收敛只是表层一定厚度的围岩位移的外在表现，收敛层外岩体向山体方向移动；加固破碎围岩的关键技术是按照工程所处应力场，充分考虑加固层周围地质构造影响，设计加固层的厚度和加固闭合拱。

The coaction of grouting and drainage curtains will lead to biggish gradient variation of seepage flow nearby, and slow down the convergence rate of unconfined seepage flow iteration, or even cause it divergent.

防渗帷幕和排水孔幕的共同作用可能会引起附近渗流场较大的梯度变化，并导致无压渗流迭代计算过程收敛速度慢甚至不收敛。

The new algorithm uses the particle aggregation quality to judge that if the particles in the swarm are congregative so much,then apply the differential evolution to mutate the self prevenient best position of each particle,in order to realize the aim of preserving the varieties of the swarm.

该算法对于单调函数、严格凸或单峰函数，能在初始时很快向最优值行进，但在最优值附近收敛较慢。对于多峰函数，则更容易出现所谓&早熟&现象，即局部收敛[3]。粒子群算法出现&早熟&现象的主要原因是缺乏种群多样性。

And the frontal technique is adapted to solve the FE equations. The techniques are studied to deal with the large slip frictional contactproblems between a deflectable body with large deformation and a rigid bodywith flat or curved surface. A new algorithm is presented to resolve such contactproblems, including incremental displacement constraints and force constraints,and the modules are programmed. The performances of tire under static load invertical loading state and camber state are analyzed by this method. And theexperiments were carried out at the same condition as used in analysis process.

研究了大变形柔性体与具有平面及曲面外形刚性体之间的大滑动摩擦接触问题，提出了求解这类接触问题的位移增量约束和主动力增量约束处理方法；编制了大变形柔性体与具有平面及曲面外形刚性体之间的大滑动摩擦接触问题求解模块；利用本文提出的大滑移接触问题处理方法，分析了轮胎在径向静载和静态外倾加载条件下受力和变形，并对部分分析结果进行了试验验证，验证结果表明，本文提出的位移增量约束和主动力增量约束处理接触问题的方法是正确可靠的，而且具有精度高、收敛性好、收敛速度快的优点。

Triangular adjustable fuzzy number is adopted to investigate the experts' suggestions in this paper, which effectively avoids AHP's problem of consistency check. The multi-experts decision is made convergence twice by means of the cluster analysis theory. The first convergence resolves the problems of abnormal value, which reduces the electivity and subjectivity of the experts' suggestions.

本文利用三角可调模糊数调查专家意见，然后利用加权综合解模糊化方法求出权重，有效避免了层次分析法一致性检验的问题；应用聚类分析原理对群体专家决策进行两次收敛：第一次收敛解决了异常值的问题，尽可能降低了专家意见的随意性和主观性。

It is shown that these two sequences converge monotonically to a unique solution of the finite difference system.

给出一类求解具时滞边界条件的时滞反应扩散方程的数值方法，证明了迭代序列的单调收敛性以及差分格式的收敛

Several improvements has been made to the existing error analysis as follows: considering the complete form of the fal function in the error analysis; choosing the noncontinuous piecewise Lyapunov function to get better choose rule of parameters; giving the judging criteria of error convergence for the ESO with different parameters and the convergence value of the error.

在现有误差分析的基础上做了如下改进：误差分析中考虑fal函数的完整形式；选用非连续的分段Lyapunov函数，得到了更好的参数选取规则；给出了不同参数下扩张状态观测器误差收敛的评价标准以及误差收敛值。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。