支气管肺的

The large bronchi retain cartilage and small, smooth muscles which prevent them from closing , as in the trachea .

大的支气管保持着肌肉和软骨开放，从而形成强有力的有粘液的和带绒毛的肺。

The patient presented with hemoptysis. The chest images and bronchoscopic washing cytology showed bilateral lung involvement, so chemotherapy was prescribed, as stage IV non-small cell lung cancer with lungto-lung metastasis was suspected. After 3 cycles of chemotherapy with docetaxol and carboplatin, the bilateral lung tumors responded discordantly. An aggressive surgical intervention was performed, and the pathology showed synchronous squamous cell carcinoma and a carcinoid tumor.

病人一开始以咳血表现，因为胸部影像学检查及支气管镜抽洗液细胞学检查显示两侧肺部皆有癌侵犯，所以在第四期非小细胞肺癌合并有肺部转移的情形下开始接受化学治疗，经过三个疗程的克癌易及卡铂之化学治疗，两侧肺肿瘤的反应不一致，因此采取积极的手术处理，而病理报告显示两侧肺部肿瘤分别为鳞状上皮癌及类癌。

Part I Role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in squamous differentiation induced by cigarette smoke in porcine airway epithelial cell Squamous differentiation of airway epithelium induced by diverse stimuli, such as cigarette smoke, has been thought to be an adaptive response to chronic injury as well as a precancerous lesion of lung squamous carcinoma.

第一部分糖原合成酶激酶3在吸烟诱导的猪气道上皮细胞鳞状分化中的作用研究气道上皮的鳞状细胞化生常见于慢性支气管炎症、致癌剂刺激等，一般被认为是对慢性损伤的一种适应性反应，也是肺鳞癌的癌前病变，其分子机制尚未完全阐明。

In their Clinical Therapeutics article on inhaled insulin for diabetes mellitus, McMahon and Arky (Feb. 1 issue)1 report that short-term studies in animals have not shown a substantial effect on cell-proliferation indexes in the alveolar or bronchiolar areas of the lung.

他们发表的关于吸入胰岛素治疗糖尿病的临床治疗文章中，McMahon and Arky 1 报道说短期的动物实验显示对肺泡和肺细支气管的细胞增殖并没有显著影响。

In their Clinical Therapeutics article on inhaled insulin for diabetes mellitus, McMahon and Arky (Feb. 1 issue)1 report that short-term studies in animals hae not shown a substantial effect on cell-proliferation indexes in the aleolar or bronchiolar areas of the lung.

他们发表的关于吸入胰岛素治疗糖尿病的临床治疗文章中，McMahon and Arky 1 报道说短期的动物实验显示对肺泡和肺细支气管的细胞增殖并没有显著影响。

It will be demonstrated that these methods are able to monitor bronchoconstriction in safety-pharmacological tests or in asthma models showing early allergic response or late airway hyperresponsieness in response to inhaled allergens and demonstrate drug effects on pulmonary endpoints.

这些方法在安全药理学实验中可以监测支气管的收缩性，在吸入变应原的哮喘模型中可以显示早期的过敏反应和晚期的气道高反应性，并可以监测药物对肺功能的最终影响。

Objective Pseudomonas aeruginosais a Gramnegative bacterium that colonises the lower rspiratory tract in patients with bronchiectasis,cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

目的 铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa，PA)是一种定植于支气管扩张、肺囊性纤维化和慢性阻塞性肺病病人下呼吸道的机会致病菌，可持续刺激宿主免疫反应导致进展性的气道破坏，具有多重耐药的特点，一旦感染，临床治疗十分困难。

At the same kV,mAs,a wire phantom,a low contrast phantom and dried lung specimens were scanned with spiral CT and conventional CT respectively.

作者对钨丝模型、低对比模型、空气干燥膨胀肺标本在相同kV、mAs条件下进行不同层厚、不同重建算法、不同螺距的螺旋CT扫描及常规CT扫描，分析两种扫描成像的分辨率差异，支气管及血管的可见度及噪音。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the delayed responses after acute smoking, we observed leukocyte and nitric oxide in BAL fluid in guinea pigs; and to further investigate the inhibitory effect of low-dose pethidine against the delayed response.

目的 以支气管肺泡灌洗液中NO水平和白细胞为指标，观察豚鼠定量吸烟后肺、气道的迟发性反应；以及很低剂量的哌替啶对这些反应的抑制作用。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the delayed responses after acute smoking, we observed leukocyte and nitric oxide in BAL fluid in guinea pigs; and to further investigate the inhibitory effect of low-dose pethidine against the delayed response.

目的以支气管肺泡灌洗液中NO水平和白细胞为指标，观察豚鼠定量吸烟后肺、气道的迟发性反应；以及很低剂量的哌替啶对这些反应的抑制作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。