支气管肺泡的

Results: The numbers of Bombesin positive pulmonary cells, the lamina propria S-l00 protein, neuron-specific enolase positive nerve fibers, IgE positive cells, mast cells and IgE positive mast cells significantly increased in bronchiectasis. The changes of pulmonary endocrine cells, nerve fibers and IgE positive cells were more significantly in hyperplastic BALT areas. The S-100 and NSE were found in lymphoid tissue and BALT. A close contact was found between mast cells and the S-100 positive nerve fibers. An IgE positive outer zone was found on MC surface. Mast cells and IgE positive cells were seen in the bronchial epithelium and alveolar septa.

结果：支气管扩张症中，支气管上皮蛙皮素阳性细胞、固有膜S-100蛋白和神经特异性烯醇化酶阳性神经纤维、IgE阳性细胞、MC和IgE阳性MC均显著增多，且在支气管相关淋巴组织增生的区域上述肺内分泌细胞、神经纤维和IgE阳性细胞增多尤为显著，S-100蛋白和NSE阳性神经纤维分布於弥散淋巴组织和BALT中，MC与S-100蛋白阳性神经纤维紧密接触，MC表面有IgE阳性环状带，MC和IgE阳性细胞出现在支气管上皮间和肺泡壁。

Was presented in 12 cases (24%) by bacterial isolation. By in-situ hybridization, PCV2 signals were chiefly distributed in interstitial and necrotic lesions, and the positive signals could be found in macrophages-like cells and necrotic debris. PRRSV signals were mainly located at interstitial lesions and alveolar wall, and the positive signals could be found in macrophages-like cells and epithelial cells of alveoli. Swine influenza virus could be found in interstitial and necrotizing lesions, and the signals could be found in macrophages-like cells, and epithelial cells of terminal bronchiole and alveoli.

另运用原位杂交法对PCV2、PRRSV及猪流行性感冒病毒进行检测，结果发现PCV2主要分布於PNP的间质及坏死病灶区，并能於肺泡及终末细支气管上皮细胞、巨噬细胞与坏死细胞碎片皆可见有病毒核酸；PRRSV则多分布於间质病灶区及肺泡壁处，能於巨噬细胞与肺泡上皮细胞见到病毒核酸；SIV则存在於间质及坏死病灶区，且能於肺泡及终末细支气管上皮细胞与巨噬细胞见有病毒核酸。

Machine of concealed source sex turns a sex pneumonic is one kind a qualitative sex that names with clinical pathology is pneumonic, COP was 1985 Epler [the pathology performance that 1] offers is pulmonary alveolus inside, fine bronchus of sex of alveolar canal, breath and eventually the independent disease that end fine bronchus has granulation organization to form inside antrum is planted, say to send a gender especially again machine of fine bronchitic companion turns out-of-the-way sex the gender is pneumonic , will nearly 20 years report gradually grow in quantity, easy infection, n/med tuberculosis, tumour, as nodal as lung disease, other a disease of qualitative sex lung promiscuous, reached my courtyard to received vivid check of treated bronchus lens lung 2008 2007 now (8 case that TBLB) wins pathology to confirm are analysed as follows.

概要： 隐源性机化性肺炎是一类以临床病理命名的间质性肺炎，COP是1985年Epler等[1]提出的病理表现为肺泡内、肺泡管、呼吸性细支气管及终末细支气管腔内有肉芽组织形成的独立病种，又称特发性闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎，近20年来报道逐渐增多，易和肺部感染、结核、肿瘤、结节病、其他间质性肺疾病等混淆，现将我院2007年至2008年收治的支气管镜肺活检获得病理证实的8例病例分析如下。

The superficial microvascular networks were sparser, while the subpleural microvascular networks were denser. The superficial blood vessels and the interlobular blood vessels were mutual transitional, and the anastomosing between the superficial blood vessels with the subpleural vessels. According to the branching sequence of the subpleural arteriole, it could be divided into the arteriole, terminal arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary in turn. The subpleural capillary networks were mainly web-like, while small holes were also found on the cast. The honeycomb vascular networks were various in size and form at a low magnification. The outline of alveolus, alveolar sac, alveolar duct and respiratory bronchiole and terminal bronchiole, made of microvascular networks, could be found in the cut surface.

胸膜面浅层的微血管网稀疏，深层的胸膜下微血管网致密；胸膜面浅层的微血管与小叶间隔的微血管之间相互移行，与胸膜下微血管之间形成吻合连接；根据胸膜下微动脉连续分支的顺序，常可将其分为微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管四级；胸膜下毛细血管网主要以网络状的形式存在，但在铸型上均可见数量不等的"小孔状"结构；低倍镜下肺实质内微血管网呈现大小不等、形态各异的蜂窝状结构，可以见到由微血管网构成了肺泡、肺泡囊、肺泡管和呼吸性细支气管以及终末细支气管等结构的轮廓。

It were found by comprehensive analysis, the precisive diagnosis rates of the markers from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were much higher than that from blood, and the markers from alveolar macrophage were much higher than that from broncholaveolar lavage fluid. The precisive diagnosis rates of fibronectin secreted by alveolar macrophage, and fibronectin secreted by alveolar macrophage inhibited by cort and inhibitory rate were 96. 2%, 92. 3%, and 92. 3%, with the diagnosis markers of higher sensibitity and specificity.

综合分析发现，支气管肺灌洗液中指标的正确诊断率高于外周血，而肺泡巨噬细胞中诊断指标又优于支气管肺灌洗液，其中肺泡巨噬细胞产生的纤维结合蛋白、皮质激素抑制肺泡巨噬细胞产生纤维结合蛋白和纤维结合蛋白抑制率均为敏感性和特异性较高的诊断指标，其正确诊断率分别为96.2%、92.3%和92.3%。

The four-week twice immunized hamsters acquired anti-MP in-fection capacity in local respiratory tract,as a result that swab culuturepositise was belove that of unimmunization group,and that only onehumster's lavage fluid culture was positive in immunization group.How-ever,unimmunization group positive rate of swabs and lavage fluid cul-ture was very high.This hinted that local respiratory tract's anti-MPinfection capacity was weak at the primary infection and the ability de-veloped gradually.4.The sIgA change in broncheal-lung lavage fluid.

而未免疫组咽拭子和支气管肺泡灌洗液MP分离培养的阳性均很高，说明在初次感染时，呼吸道局部防御清除MP的作用差，但随着时间的推移，其灌洗液培养的周次阳性率有下降趋势，MP培养的滴度亦随之降低，说明在感染以后随着时间的推移，呼吸道局部逐渐产生了防御、清除MP感染的作用。

Results 6 patients with PAP presented with ground-glass opacification of the bilateral lungs on HRCT. Typical chest HRCT scan showed "map-like" lesions in 3 cases and "cobble stone-like" lesions in 3 cases. Multifocal consolidative opacities in the lungs were seen on HRCT in 3 cases. Lung biopsies from 6 patients with PAP revealed a prominent positive periodic acid-Schiff intra-alveolar exudates. There were normal alveolar spetasis in 3 patients while interstitial thickening, fibroblast hyperplasia, interstitial fibrosis in the others.

结果 6例患者在不同层面可见磨玻璃影，其中2例可见小结节影；3例表现为两肺斑片状磨玻璃影与周围肺组织分界清楚，呈地图样改变；3例因磨玻璃影与小叶间隔增厚交织成铺路石样改变；3例可见肺泡实变融合成密度较高的斑片状阴影，1例在肺泡实变区可见&空气支气管征&。6例患者活检肺组织在光镜下显示肺泡腔内充满大量块状或颗粒状嗜伊红物质，PAS染色阳性，AB染色阴性，其中3例肺泡间隔正常，3例肺泡间隔增宽，可见慢性炎性细胞浸润、成纤维细胞增生和胶原沉积。

The outcomemeasures used to assess lung injury included: the change inweight gain and ultrafiltration coefficient, the frequency ofvascular failure, the histological lesions and the concentrationof tumor necrosis factor- and malondialdehyde in the bronchoalveolarlavage fluid.

评估肺损伤程度的项目包括：重量增加和超滤系数的改变，血管功能衰竭的频率，组织学病变及肿瘤坏死因子的浓度和支气管肺泡灌洗液中的丙二醛的量。

The results showed that:(1) In COPD group the alveolar walls were broken. The average area of alveolars was 2.46 times as big as the control group, and the average diameter was 1.42 times as compared with the control group. As the diameter of bronchioles was less than 100μm and 100～200μm respectively, the average area of smooth muscle in bronchioles increased to 3.06-fold and 2.13-fold respectively. By electron microscopic, the proportion of Clara cells of respiratory bronchioles in COPD group decreased, the Clara cells were denaturalized, the proportion of Clara cells containing low density secretory granules increased. The airway resistance was 1.84 times while the dynamic compliance was only 70.45% comparing with the control group.

结果表明：(1)光镜下，COPD组大鼠与正常对照组比较，肺泡壁破坏、肺泡腔扩大，平均肺泡面积和平均肺泡直径分别为正常对照组的2.46倍和1.42倍，在直径＜100μm及直径100～200μm的小支气管，COPD组大鼠支气管平滑肌面积分别为正常对照组的3.06倍和2.13倍；电镜下可见，在呼吸性细支气管，Clara细胞占上皮细胞的比例下降，细胞变性，含低电子密度颗粒的Clara细胞比例增加；呼吸功能测定可见COPD组大鼠呼气相气道阻力是正常对照组的1.84倍、动态呼吸系统总顺应性为正常对照组的70.45％。

In Group B, the value of cell and acellular component were similar to those reported in references.

非感染病例的支气管肺泡灌洗液的细胞及非细胞成分的数据与文献报道的正常人数据相仿。

The reasons of iron ions content overproof in grade Ⅱ desalting water system,such as variation water quality,contamination of regenerant , operation adjustment of pretreatment system and switching operation of bed were discussed.

对二级脱盐水系统中铁离子含量超标的原因，如来水水质发生波动、再生剂受到污染、预处理系统操作调整、床体运行切换等进行了论述。

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