支气管的

Results: The numbers of Bombesin positive pulmonary cells, the lamina propria S-l00 protein, neuron-specific enolase positive nerve fibers, IgE positive cells, mast cells and IgE positive mast cells significantly increased in bronchiectasis. The changes of pulmonary endocrine cells, nerve fibers and IgE positive cells were more significantly in hyperplastic BALT areas. The S-100 and NSE were found in lymphoid tissue and BALT. A close contact was found between mast cells and the S-100 positive nerve fibers. An IgE positive outer zone was found on MC surface. Mast cells and IgE positive cells were seen in the bronchial epithelium and alveolar septa.

结果：支气管扩张症中，支气管上皮蛙皮素阳性细胞、固有膜S-100蛋白和神经特异性烯醇化酶阳性神经纤维、IgE阳性细胞、MC和IgE阳性MC均显著增多，且在支气管相关淋巴组织增生的区域上述肺内分泌细胞、神经纤维和IgE阳性细胞增多尤为显著，S-100蛋白和NSE阳性神经纤维分布於弥散淋巴组织和BALT中，MC与S-100蛋白阳性神经纤维紧密接触，MC表面有IgE阳性环状带，MC和IgE阳性细胞出现在支气管上皮间和肺泡壁。

The simultaneity use of Xiao Er Chuan Ke Ye and Cang Er Zi San intervening asthma and allergic rhinitis,comparing simply use Xiao Er Chuan Ke Ye,has the predominance in prolonging time of introducing asthma and reducing the frequency of nodding breathe,which indicated that the treatment of allergic rhinitis has great importance in asthma control and lessen the degree of asthma(frequency of rat nodding breath).3,The combination high-dose group has better therapeutic effect than dexamethasone group,all Chuan Ke Ye groups and combination low,medium group in the prevention and control of allergic rhinitis symptoms,reduced airway hyper responsiveness,while in improving breath difficulties combination high-dose group has similar effect with western medicine group,and better effect than all Chuan Ke Ye groups and combination low,medium group.Its efficacy increased with the prolonging of treatment time,but fewer side effects,which makes the application safer and more reliable.4,Xiao Er Chuan Ke Ye combining with Cang Er Zi San can obviously improve the pathological changes in rats with bronchial airway remodeling,reducing the serum TGF-β1,IL-4,ECP levels,increasing the level of serum IFN-γand the imbalance IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio.

而运用小儿喘咳液合苍耳子散同时干预哮喘与过敏性鼻炎，较之单纯使用小儿喘咳液治疗哮喘，其在延长引喘时间、减少点头呼吸频度等方面有明显的优势，说明过敏性鼻炎的治疗，对于控制哮喘发生，减轻哮喘发作的程度，有着重要的意义。3、大剂量的合方在预防和控制过敏性鼻炎症状、降低哮喘气道高反应性方面疗效较地塞米松对照组、喘咳液各剂量组及合方小、中剂量组更优，而改善呼吸困难方面则与西药组相当，优于喘咳液各剂量组及合方小、中剂量组，且其疗效随着治疗时间的延长而增加，但副作用更少，使用更加安全可靠。4、小儿喘咳液合苍耳子散能明显改善气道重塑大鼠支气管的病理改变，同时降低血清TGF-β1、IL-4、ECP水平，提高血清IFN-γ水平及失衡的IFN-γ/IL-4比值。

Results: Amang 128 patients, 56 cases were diagnosed as pulmonary carcinoma (43.75%), of which 30 cases were squamous carcinoma (53.57%), 22 cases were adenocarcinoma (39.29%), 4 cases were small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (7.14%); 37 cases were bronchial pneumonia (28.91%), in which 30 cases were given brush sampling, bacterial culture of BALF, the detectable rate of pathogenic bacteria were 50%(15 cases) and 40%(12eases) respectively; 12 eases were pulmonary tuberculosis (9.38%), of which 3 eases (25%) had concurrent endobronchial tuberculosis, smear of brush biopsy and BALF found Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 11 eases (91.67%) and 5 eases (41.67%) respectively, 2 eases were diagnosed as caseous tubereulous granuloma (16.67%); 2 eases were idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (1.56%), lease was lymphoma of long.

结果：128例患者确诊为肺癌56例(43.75%)，其中鳞癌30例(53.57%)，腺癌22例(39.29%)，小细胞癌4例(7.14%)；支气管肺部炎症病变37例(28.91%)，其中30例经防污毛刷采样、支气管肺泡灌洗液行细菌学培养，病原菌的检出率分别为50%（15例）和40%（12例）；肺结核12例(9.38%)，其中合并支气管内膜结核3例(25%)，刷检涂片和支气管肺泡灌洗液找到结核杆菌分别为11例(91.67%)和5例(41.67%)，病理确诊为结核性乾酪样肉芽肿2例(16.67%)；特发性肺间质纤维化2例(1.56%)，肺淋巴瘤1例(0.78%)。

Results The expression of TNF-α in HBE was activated by sputa from bronchiectatic patients and Zhikuoning Mixture might su...

结论支气管上皮细胞TNF-α表达在支气管扩张症发病中可能起到重要的作用；中药支扩宁合剂可抑制支气管上皮细胞TNF-α的表达，从而抑制支气管扩张症气道炎症反应，这可能是其疗效机理之一。

It will be demonstrated that these methods are able to monitor bronchoconstriction in safety-pharmacological tests or in asthma models showing early allergic response or late airway hyperresponsieness in response to inhaled allergens and demonstrate drug effects on pulmonary endpoints.

这些方法在安全药理学实验中可以监测支气管的收缩性，在吸入变应原的哮喘模型中可以显示早期的过敏反应和晚期的气道高反应性，并可以监测药物对肺功能的最终影响。

Objective:To observe the difference of pulmonary function and bronchodilatation test of the cases with asthmatic patients in their alleviative period.

目的：观察支气管哮喘缓解期老年及青年患者的肺通气功能、支气管舒张试验有何异同方法：对处于支气管哮喘缓解期的老年患者36例，青年患者28例，进行肺通气功能、支气管舒张试验测定并比较分析。

Results Rigid bronchoscopy showed foreign bodies in the main bronchus or bronchus intermedius of 42 patients, while spiral CT localized airway foreign bodies in the same patients.

结果 硬支气管镜检查发现42例异物在主支气管或支气管叉，胸部CT扫描显示相同位置异物；硬支气管镜诊断为阴性的9例中，胸部CT检查6例为真阴性而3例为假阳性。

objective according to 14 cases of patients with post-traumatic bronchial rupture of the ct and x-ray findings.analysis of its causes,trauma type,and ct,x-ray value and the advantages and disadvantages.methods 14 cases of bronchial rupture in patients with clinical data,x-ray,ct-chip analysis and summing up.results traumatic bronchial rupture study the performance of the main image①bronchial cut-off levy;②atelectasis and pulmonary fall levy③pleural effusion,pneumatosis;④mediastinum,subcutaneous emphysema;⑤many thoracic fractures;⑥traumatic wet lung,and so on.conclusion for traumatic bronchial rupture combined with x-ray and ct examination can be clearly diagnosed early.

目的 根据14例患者外伤后支气管断裂的ct和x线表现，分析其起因、外伤类型和ct、x线应用价值及优劣势。方法对14例支气管断裂患者的临床资料、x线平片、ct片进行分析、总结。结果外伤性支气管断裂的主要影像学表现①支气管截断征；②肺不张与肺坠落征；③胸腔积液、积气；④纵隔、皮下气肿；⑤胸廓多发骨折；⑥合并创伤性湿肺等。结论对于外伤性支气管断裂结合x线摄片和ct检查是可以早期明确诊断的。

Based on general chemotherapy, 33 patients with endomembrane tuberculosis underwent intervention therapy by bronchoscope, in which isoniazide, rifampin and pyrazinamide gel were injected on the part of lesion every 2 to 3 weeks.

我们自 1999年 3月起对支气管内膜结核患者在全身化疗基础上配合纤维支气管镜局部介入治疗，现报告如下：1 材料和方法1.1 临床资料 1999年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月我院收治的支气管内膜结核患者共 33例为治疗组，随机抽取1997年 1月～ 1999年 2月收治的支气管内膜结核患者 36例作为对照组，二组治疗前均经纤支镜检查确诊，每组具体情况见表 1。

Fiberoptic brochoscope is a useful instrument to diagnose lung cancer. Bronchial lavages using fiberoptic bronchoscope could not only improve the diagnosis of lung cancer, but also cost little. In addition, bronchial lavages, called"fluid biopsy", is helpful to diagnose primary of secondary carcinoma locating in respiratory tract, including peripheral lung cancer, bronchioalveolar carcinoma, pulmonary metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma.

纤维支气管镜检查是诊断肺癌的有力武器，支气管灌洗不仅能稳定地提高肺癌检出率，而且价格便宜，此外，能研究常规支气管镜未见异常的肺部病变，有助于诊断呼吸道原发性或继发性恶性肿瘤，包括周围型肺癌，细支气管肺泡癌，肺转移癌，癌性淋巴管病，肺部淋巴瘤等，被称为&液相活检&。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。