支气管

It were found by comprehensive analysis, the precisive diagnosis rates of the markers from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were much higher than that from blood, and the markers from alveolar macrophage were much higher than that from broncholaveolar lavage fluid. The precisive diagnosis rates of fibronectin secreted by alveolar macrophage, and fibronectin secreted by alveolar macrophage inhibited by cort and inhibitory rate were 96. 2%, 92. 3%, and 92. 3%, with the diagnosis markers of higher sensibitity and specificity.

综合分析发现，支气管肺灌洗液中指标的正确诊断率高于外周血，而肺泡巨噬细胞中诊断指标又优于支气管肺灌洗液，其中肺泡巨噬细胞产生的纤维结合蛋白、皮质激素抑制肺泡巨噬细胞产生纤维结合蛋白和纤维结合蛋白抑制率均为敏感性和特异性较高的诊断指标，其正确诊断率分别为96.2%、92.3%和92.3%。

In the early stages of disease, the presence of peribronchiolar fibrosis can also result in an abnormal prominence of the centrilobular arteries, giving rise to an increased reticulation in the peripheral lung.

这里的peribrochiolar，首先是没有血管的字根，其次应该是细支气管，所以应该是"……细支气管周围……"

During the course of AR,abnormalism inflammation in nasal cavity taken place repeateadly、nose-bronchus reflection、mouth breathing owing to nasal obstruction added the direct stimulus to respiratory passage because of various kinds of allergen etc all have important effect on the occurrence of BA.

变应性鼻炎发病过程中鼻腔反复发生变态性炎症、鼻-支气管反射、鼻塞致经口呼吸从而增加各种过敏原对呼吸道的直接刺激等对支气管哮喘的发生起了重要作用。

Traditional examination adopts the local topical anesthesia,where the patients are examined in the conscious state,which can easily result in the physiological and psychological indisposition of patients and make them suffer a lot; whereas the anodynia fibreoptic bronchoscopy can be applied to effectively cope with such deficiencies and thus is welcomed by both the patients and clinical physicians.

传统的纤维支气管镜检查方法是采用局部表面麻醉，患者在清醒状态下接受检查，易致患者出现生理、心理不适，使患者承受巨大痛苦；而无痛纤维支气管镜检查的应用则能有效地克服这些不足，从而提高了检查的成功率与复查率。

Bronchoscopy was performed -3- by another anesthetist after intubation and auscultative verification of correct placement and after patient positioning for thoracotomy.

目的 研究在国人中，用纤维支气管镜给Robertshaw双腔支气管导管定位的方法和意义，总结Robertshaw双腔管在国人中应用的规律，以指导临床。

Retrospective study on 29 cases with thoracic diseases. Among them ,lung cancer 16 cases ,esophagus carcinoma 9 cases,intra-segmental segregation 1 case,azygos venous malformation 1 case,chronic bronchitis 1 case,acute trauma hematom in right lung 1 case.

分析 2 9例胸部疾病的间断闭气磁共振气管、支气管单层扫描检查患者，其中支气管肺癌 1 6例，食管癌 9例，肺内型肺段隔离症 1例，奇静脉畸形 1例，慢性支气管炎 1例，肺内急性外伤血肿 1例。

Methods In vitro cultured Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells were divided into groups and stimulated by sputa from bronchiectatic patients.

方法应用支气管扩张症患者痰液刺激分组体外培养的人支气管上皮细胞，检测、分析各组细胞TNF-α表达水平及中药支扩宁合剂的干预效果。

These findings indicate variable patterns of bronchiolar epithelial cytokine expression depending on the duration of CS exposure, and that complex mechanisms govern bronchiolar molecular dynamics in vivo.

此研究表明CS不同暴露时间导致细支气管上皮细胞因子表达的差异。这种复杂的机制支配着体内细支气管分子动力学。

Examination of the lungs of young smokers has revealed an accumulation of macrophages in the bronchiolar region and bronchiolitis.1 2 Phagocytosis of cigarette smoke-derived particles is obviously an important defense mechanism with which to neutralize and clear the toxic particulate fraction.

对年轻吸烟患者进行体检发现巨噬细胞在细支气管区积聚并产生细支气管炎症。对吸烟产生的微粒的进行吞噬作用显然是一项重要的防御机制，使有毒颗粒部分失效后并清除出去。

Inflammation per se may be responsible for mild airflow limitation.7 8 9 Indeed, it has been suggested that inflammation may lead to functional bronchiolar constriction by releasing mediators that may act directly on bronchiolar smooth muscle.10 The chronicity of inflammation would, in turn, produce other changes such as airways fibrosis, and may increase the smooth muscle mass either directly as a result of inflammation or indirectly as a result of chronically increased muscle tone.

炎症本身导致了气流限速轻微下降。而事实上它提示了由于释放的介质直接作用于细支气管平滑肌上，炎症引起了功能性细支气管的缢痕。慢性炎症反多来又会产生气道纤维化等其他改变，这样无论是炎症反应的直接影响结果，还是慢性肌紧张增高的直接影响结果，都会增加平滑肌质量。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。