支护结构

Aiming at the retaining problem of the frozen shaft in the deep alluvium of 500～700 m, the high strength reinforced concrete shaft lining is presented.

针对500～700m深表土中冻结井筒的支护难题，提出合理的技术途径，即采用现浇高强钢筋混凝土井壁结构。

From the view of developing the astigmatic ability of the roof underground construction, this article briefly discussed the mechanics and functions of support and reinforces to control the roof stability.

从提高地下结构顶板抗震能力的角度，简单探讨了控制顶板稳定的支护与加固的机理及作用。

In this lesson, the problem of the shoring form and the support parameters of shallow underground cavity belonging to strong effloresce band, is studied by force method calculation and numerical value analyzing, and so on.

在本课题中，通过力法计算、数值模拟等方面对浅埋强风化段地下洞室支护问题展开研究，并对煤矿井巷工程中的U型钢可缩性支架、型钢混凝土组合结构的设计计算方法进行一定的探讨，为现场工程设计和施工提供科学依据和技术参考。

Evolutionary structural optimization; fixed grid finite element; shape optimization of cutouts in composite plates and shells; design of tunnel support

渐进结构优化；固定网格有限元；复合材料板壳开孔形状优化；洞室支护设计

It was necessary that the frontispiece of face was pre-supported in the especial stratum. Fourthly, by the model analytic value and the FEM numerical simulation, the advance reinforcement parameters were analyzed roundly, and its results explained that the parameters had optimal values. A series of formulations conforming loads born up for pre-reinforcement structure were given, and five rules for its design and choice were put forward.

全面分析了影响工作面超前预加固参数的因素；揭示了拱部超前预加固参数与地层参数、隧道开挖与支护参数等的内在联系；论证了地层预加固参数的最佳值概念；给出了确定超前预加固结构作用荷载的半拱法、全拱法和全土柱法理论计算公式；建立了隧道工作面上覆地层稳定性判别的准则；提出了工作面地层预加固参数设计与选择的5个指导原则；最后给出了一整套确定浅埋暗挖法隧道工作面地层预加固参数的动态设计方法。

According to the unique characteristics of the pit edge top-down construction, this dissertation gives a lot of key nodes structural design and construction technique. It solves the problem of steel beam position to be through and local design of such structures as elevator hoistway or stair tunnel and one-column-multi-pile design and construction.

分别解决了梁柱节点位置钢筋穿越的难题；电梯井道或楼梯洞口等位置由于无法合理传递水平力所需做的结构局部补缺设计；一柱多桩的设计和施工方法；支护墙体与主体结构之间的连接所带来的如水平力传递、二次浇筑接缝、支撑穿越墙板止水方法等一系列技术问题。

Because the roadbed is in the condition of stable seepage in the normal highway construction and service, the formula of level and discharge of cut, tunnel and drainage structure in condition of confined water and dive are deduced on the saturated seepage theory.

4由于在公路建设和运行中，绝大多数时间路基是处于稳定渗流的情况，根据饱和渗流理论，推导建立了在潜水和承压水条件下路堑结构、隧道结构和排水设施在稳定渗流情况下的水位和流量计算理论公式；按地下水类型、公路结构型式、排水设施型式、是否进行衬砌或支护、组合方式和布置方案构建了公路工程地下水稳定渗流模型。

Because the roadbed is in the condition of stable seepage in the normal highway construction and service, the formula of level and discharge of cut, tunnel and drainage structure in condition of confined water and dive are deduced on the saturated seepage theory. The stability groundwater seepage model of highway engineering is established according to groundwater type, highway structure pattern, drain facilities pattern, whether carried on lining or timbering, combined pattern and layout.

4由于在公路建设和运行中，绝大多数时间路基是处于稳定渗流的情况，根据饱和渗流理论，推导建立了在潜水和承压水条件下路堑结构、隧道结构和排水设施在稳定渗流情况下的水位和流量计算理论公式；按地下水类型、公路结构型式、排水设施型式、是否进行衬砌或支护、组合方式和布置方案构建了公路工程地下水稳定渗流模型。

Based on the deep foundation pit project of tunnel in Nanjing metro west extending line, the supporting methods of the bored pile biting into deep mixing pile in soft soil are discussed. The key construction techniques and monitoring results for the supporting form in watered and soft soil bed are expounded. The ability of resisting seepage must be considered when insertion depth of supporting structure is designed, which may also prevent the skirting from losing its stability.

以南京地铁西延线区间隧道的深基坑工程为背景，对软土层条件下的钻孔桩咬合深搅桩的支护方法展开探讨和研究，著重阐述含水软土层中该围护型式的关键施工技术和监测结果，指出在设计围护结构插入深度时必须考虑抵抗渗流破坏的能力，同时安全的插入深度也是防止维护结构&踢脚&失稳的保证。

The paper introduces application of new technologies such as soil nailed wall and pre-stressing anchor bar deep foundation pit support, high-strength concrete, elevator shaft climbing formwork, steel structure truss transition floor and tilt steel column in Shenzhen World Trade Center.

深圳世贸中心大厦在施工中运用了土钉墙和预应力锚杆深基坑支护、强混凝土、效钢筋、梯井筒爬模、结构等新技术，尤其六层钢结构桁架转换层、斜钢骨柱等施工难度较大，应用效果突出，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。