支护结构

Took Chongqing Gong-he tunnel as an engineering example and studied the failure mechanism of surrounding rock and the correlation with bolt support system by using the methods of theoretical analysis, modeling test, numerical simulation and in situ test, some helpful conclusions were arrived as follows.Firstly, a new failure criterion for transversely isotropic rock mass was proposed with consideration of bedding plane orientation and major principal stress, and the corresponding algorithm, arrived through VC++6.0, can be easily embedded into the software FLAC3D for the geotechnical calculation.

论文在国家自然科学基金专项基金创新群体基金项目(No.50621403)以及国家自然科学基金重点项目"隧道与地下空间工程结构物的稳定性与可靠性(No.50334060)"的资助下，以共和隧道为示范工程，运用理论分析、物理模型实验、数值模拟和现场测试等手段，对共和隧道大埋深段层状岩体的围岩变形破坏机理、锚杆支护力学效应及围岩-支护结构的变形特征等内容进行了研究，其主要研究成果有：①在总结和探讨国内外学者提出的层状岩体经验型连续介质破坏准则基础上，结合层状岩体力学特性，考虑层面方向和最大主应力方向两个影响因素，提出了共和隧道层状岩体横观各向同性破坏准则；采用汇编语言VC++6.0实现了横观各向同性弹塑性本构关系的算法，并嵌入FLAC3D有限差分数值分析软件接口中实现数值运算。

In each kind of instance, retaining structure is divided into two sorts with cantilever and braced form.

在每种情况中，又分为支护结构为悬臂形式和支护结构为带支撑形式两大类。

How to deal with the restrictions of deep excavation is a very difficult problem. This paper analyzes the restrictions of pile-support structure detailedly, uses a castigatory function to deal with the restrictions, and adds the castigation to the function. Now the problem has changed to solve a minimal problem, and GA can be used to the optimal design successfully.

束条件的处理是遗传算法应用到深基坑支护结构优化的难题和重点，本文详细分析了桩撑支护结构的约束条件，采用了罚函数法对约束条件进行处理并反映到适应度函数上，使其变为无约束的极小值问题，从而使遗传算法得以顺利实施。

Based on research results of this project, 3-dimensional model of excavating deep foundation pit are introduced.

研究结果表明，基坑开挖与支护是一个与基坑周围土体及支护结构性质密切相关的复杂的三维空间问题。

The flexible stratified gunite taking double-rope as the frame structure is combined with high intensity grouted bolt to form the wall rock so as to raise the intensity of soft rock.

采用以双层钢丝绳为骨架的柔性喷层结构与以锚注高强度水泥浆液在稳压状态下胶结围岩，提高软弱岩、煤体自身强度，以监测监控为手段，根据应力变化和巷道移变速度，对围岩体内反复注浆加固，使岩体成为支护结构主体，实现了真正意义上的主动支护，并在工程中进行了实践。

Aiming at this,this article proposed the "process control" method and established the process curve based on hyperbolic tangent function .

针对这种情况，提出了土钉支护结构水平位移安全监测"过程控制"的概念，建立了双曲正切函数的过程曲线，旨在对土钉支护结构施工全过程做到安全有效的监测和控制，并将所建立模型与理正岩土计算软件的结果进行比较，较好地符合计算结果。

The method adopted include mainly intermix in deep layer, high pressure spray casting and pressure casting etc.

多种支护结构型式的综合应用是解决特殊地区基坑工程结构支护的有效办法。

And the design method for U-steel yieldable support and combined structure of steel and concrete is discussed.

论文首先介绍了地下工程支护结构理论的发展及其研究现状；结合五轮山煤矿施工现场，论文采用超静定结构力学计算方法、有限元的分析方法，主要对浅埋强风化段支护结构进行了力学分析；在总结现有文献研究成果的基础上，分析了型钢与混凝土的粘结机理，介绍了U型钢可缩性支架缩动前后的内力计算方法，讨论了考虑U型钢可缩性支架稳定性的承载能力问题，阐述了U型钢可缩性支架参数选择的原理。

With plain strain finite element method,the characteristic of double-row pile of excavation of foundation pit in soil clay is studied.

采用平面应变有限元方法研究了软粘土地基基坑开挖双排桩支护结构的性状，重点分析了桩土界面特性、前后排桩间距等因素对支护结构的内力和变形的影响。

Based respectively on elastic ground beam and finite element method, two dynamic prediction methods for displacement of foundation pit are developed by the light of bionic algorithms. The case studies demonstrate that the two methods have advantage over other methods.

通过修正土压力分布模式，利用仿生算法，建立了基于弹性地基梁有限元法的深基坑支护结构位移与安全性动态预报模型和计算方法，两个算例表明，该法比规范推荐的弹性地基梁法的预测精度要高；同时，建立了基于连续介质有限元法的深基坑支护结构位移与安全性动态仿生优化预报法，算例计算结果证明了该法比同类方法计算结果要好。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。