支护结构

With the engineering data , the strut frame made of composed soil nails is analyzed with the program ababqus , and the effects of the distortion characters , the property of the deposition of the ground , the mechanical property of the soil nails , the variation of the length and the separation of the soil nails , and the diametric of the mixing piles on the strut frame made of composed soil nails , and the distortion property of the strut frame made of composed soil nails under different ground conditions

在总结前人的研究成果下，针对复合土钉墙构造的特点，建立了模拟复合土钉墙受力变形的计算模型，并结合工程实测资料，运用大型通用有限元程序ababqus对复合土钉墙进行了有限元分析，详细讨论了复合土钉支护结构开挖过程中的变形特性、地面沉降性状、土钉受力性状；土钉长度变化、土钉间距变化、搅拌桩桩径变化对复合土钉支护结构的影响；复合土钉支护结构在不同地基条件下的变形特性。

Analysis of the characteristics of soft rock roadway, combined with practical application, designed to spray a new anchor shell supporting structure and proposed mechanism of interaction with the rock that anchors the shell surrounding rock and shotcrete support system as an entity, anchor-body system and the deep rock formation deep rock control system, housing system and the formation of shallow shallow rock rock control system, through the bolt will be deep and shallow rock together, sprayed on the rock-body system to play the role of three-dimensional constraints, bolting technology, including high water, quick-setting grouting material between two groups, roof anchoring resin full-length high-strength bolts and small-diameter prestressed anchor to strengthen support for the conservation and help the two longer anchoring resin bolting.

分析软岩巷道的特点，结合实际应用，设计了锚壳喷新型支护结构，并提出了与围岩相互作用机理，认为围岩与锚壳喷支护体系作为统一体，锚体系统与深部围岩形成深部围岩控制系统，壳体系统与浅部围岩形成浅部围岩控制系统，通过锚杆将深、浅部围岩共同作用，喷体系统对围岩起到三维约束作用，锚杆支护技术，包括高水速凝材料注浆加固两帮、顶板采用树脂全长锚固高强度锚杆和小孔径预应力锚索加强支护及两帮树脂加长锚固锚杆支护。

It is embodied concretely:(1) With the adoption of grouting bolts, the cranny in wall rocks can be blocked up, the air can be isolated, the wall rocks can be prevented to be weatherized and make water, the strength of wall rocks can also be avoided to be lowered;(2) The lax broken wall rocks are commentated to a whole by liquid after they were grouted and the rock"s strength is increased, so the wall rocks become a part of the support structure by using itself and become a whole with the original rock, and the roadway is made to keep stable but not easy to be broken;(3) The spray layer wall are filled with liquid after grouting, the stress is avoided to be concentrated because the load could be evenly acted on the spray layer and the support;(4) The pressure acted on the plank can be delivered to the two sidepieces and then to the bottom by reinforcing the sidepiece; At the same time, the concentration degree of loads acted on the motherboard can be weaken because of the enlargement of the combination arch"s thickness, as result, the rock"s stress is lowered and the heaving is alleviated;(5) The common bolt is made to be fixed the whole length after grouting, the layers are connected to a integral whole and bear the weight of loads, so the support structure"s unity is increased.

具体体现在：(1)采用注浆锚杆注浆，可以利用浆液封堵围岩裂隙，隔绝空气，防止围岩风化，且能防止淋水和渗水，避免围岩被水浸湿而降低围岩的本身强度及造成的巷道变形。(2)注浆后浆液将松散破碎的围岩胶结成整体，提高了岩体强度，实现利用围岩本身作为支护结构的一部分，且与原岩形成一个整体，使巷道保持稳定而不易产生破坏；(3)注浆后使得喷层壁后充填密实，保证荷载能均匀地作用在喷层和支护上，避免出现应力集中点而首先破坏；(4)注浆后使作用在顶板上的压力能有效地传递到两帮，通过对帮的加固，又能把荷载传递到底板；同时由于组合拱厚度的加大，这样又能减小作用在底板上的荷载集中度，从而减小底板岩石中的应力，减轻底臌；(5)注浆加固后能使普通端锚锚杆实现全长锚固，它们共同将多层组合拱连成一体，共同承载，提高了支护结构的整体性。

The presterssed anchor cable frame combined with backwall, drainage is necessary due to longtime sability and permanent utilization.Firstly,according the study of engineering of geology situation of the high slope, the mechanism of deformation failure and the major hazard of the high slope of PanMei is analysed comprehensively.And the whole slope is divided into two different geology enginnering areas:Western slope(1160 section plane -1240 section plane)and Eastern slope(1240 section plane -1320 section plane). The result of 3D numerical simulation is the same as geology judgement. Later,slope cut (1:0.75) is implemented based on the engineering comparison and criterion.Meanwhile, Limit equilibrium method , Monte Carlo Probabilistic slope stability the stability , Sensitivity analysis and Finent element method of for assessing the cutted slope stability is carried out. The result indicates that Western slope is instable, Eastern slope is relatively stable.So much attention should be paid to Western slope.Different reinforcement measures in different areas are given according to its stability and meet economical request. Gravity wall is introduced in accordance with landform in order to prevent small falling at the foot of the high slope ,which will be a threat to the high slope stability. Handling measure is also applied to Eastern slope. At last,FLAC3D numerical analysis shows the feasibility and reasonableness of the handling measure of the high slope.

论文首先研究了边坡的工程地质条件，全面分析边坡的变形破坏机制和边坡的主要地质灾害，将边坡分为西段不稳定边坡区(1160剖面～1240剖面)和东段相对稳定边坡区(1240剖面～1320剖面)，通过三维数值模拟再现了边坡在自重作用下的破坏机制和过程；在此基础上通过工程类比和规范要求，确定按照1：0.75进行放坡处理，并分析了放坡后边坡的稳定性状况，分别通过极限平衡法、蒙特卡洛法概率分析、参数敏感性分析和有限元稳定性计算等多种方法对边坡在各种工况下的进行稳定性研究，计算结果表明，西段边坡较之东段边坡稳定情况差，是边坡支护的关键之处，而东段边坡相对是稳定的；边坡的综合治理措施选用的是框架锚索并结合挡土墙和排水工程，治理设计根据不同区段的稳定性情况采用不同的支护结构，做到了经济合理的要求；在边坡的坡脚设置重力式挡土墙，防治边坡小规模的崩塌，会对上部的锚索支护护造成不利影响，进而影响边坡的稳定；东段边坡的填方区也给出了治理对策；最后通过三维显示拉各朗日有限差分程序(FLAC3D)模拟了高边坡放坡和支护效果，论证了治理措施的有效性和合理性。

This article describes deforming regularity of pit excavation in two deferent retaining structure (piles and coaction of piles and anchor ropes). So the stress field and displacement field after pit excavation are to be fixed.

本文阐述了基坑在无支护情况和有支护情况下(悬臂桩和桩、锚索共同作用支护结构体系)施工开挖引起的变形规律。

So,in this thesis,with regard to the stability and deformation of composite soil-nailing in soft clay foundation pit, the studies listed below were carried out, considering current research and design status of the soil nailed retaining structure. 1 Based on the use of leading pile with soil nailing protection, studied the work mechanism of mini-pile with composite soil-nailing, the model of stability analysis of the composite soil-nailing is established and examined by analysis engineering case.

因此本文鉴于软粘土地区深基坑工程土钉支护结构的研究及设计现状，在前人研究的基础上，就复合土钉支护软粘土基坑的稳定性和变形展开相应的专题研究，主要完成了以下几个方面的工作： 1针对软土条件超前桩的应用，研究了桩加土钉的复合土钉支护机理，建立了复合土钉支护稳定性分析模型和计算公式，并对工程实例进行计算分析，检验了模型。

In this thesis, with regard to the stability and deformation of the strut frame made of composed soil nails in soft clay foundation pit, the studies listed below are carried out, considering current research and design status of the soil nailed retaining structure. 1、This paper begins with the concept of the strut frame made of composed soil nails, analyzing the composition and the technique of the construction of the strut frame made of composed soil nails.

本文鉴于软粘土地区深基坑工程土钉支护结构的研究及设计现状，在前人研究的基础上，就复合土钉支护软粘土基坑的稳定性和变形展开相应的专题研究，主要完成了以下几个方面的工作： 1、从复合土钉支护结构的概念入手，对其结构组成、构造形式以及施工方法进行了综合分析。

Monitored on the spot, the deformation characters of these supporting constructions are studied. Campared the calculation translocatins with the monitored translocations, the thesis believes that the translocation can be calculated by the method of "m", when the supporting structures produce small information. The translocation can be calculated by the mothod of "rigid frusta" or "the experiential expressions of shanghai area", when the supporting structures such as cement-soil wall in soft soil area produce big information.

通过实测，研究了小直径双排桩、水泥土深搅桩、土钉墙、放坡开挖等支护类型的变形特性，并用实测位移值与不同位移计算方法得出的结果进行了比较，认为对变形较小的支护类型可以采用& m&法计算位移，而对于软土基坑中变形较大的支护结构重力墙不适宜采用&m&法，其计算可以采用和参照&刚性墩&法和&上海地区经验公式&法。

Soil-nail wall and anchor combination support technology is an relatively economical and practical method. It solves the difficult problems of support excavation engineering in urban surrounding environment and in complicated situation of engineering geology.

土钉墙和桩锚组合支护结构施工技术是一种比较经济实用的支护结构形式，解决了城市周边环境及工程地质条件复杂情况下的基坑支护难题。

A software for aided designing bolt of tunnel named ANSYSBOLT was designed on the basis of ANSYS finite element software. In the software environment, bolt supporting model of physical tunnel in tectonic stress field was structured according to physical parameters of coal and rock seam of some working face, and in conditions of different buried depth, bolt supporting structure and pre-tightening force, distributions of stress of surrounding rock of physical tunnel and its displacement were analyzed and calculated by ANSYSBOLT software. Then influence of different buried depth, bolt supporting structure and pre-tightening force on stability of roof and floor of tunnel was analyzed and finally feasible scheme of bolt supporting was gotten according to the analysis result.

在ANSYS大型有限元软件基础上开发了巷道锚杆辅助设计软件ANSYSBOLT；在该软件环境下，根据某工作面煤岩层的物理参数，建立了构造应力场条件下的实体巷道锚杆支护模型，并按照不同的埋藏深度、锚杆支护结构和预紧力条件，经软件分析计算，得出了实体巷道围岩应力及位移分布情况，进而分析了不同埋藏深度、锚杆支护和预紧力条件对巷道顶底板稳定性的影响，最终根据分析结果得出了可行的锚杆支护方案。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。