支护

Validated by the running of a lot of examples, the consultation expert system on excavating and retaining and protection of deep foundation exactions has reached the development goal.

通过大量实例的运行以及与工程技术专家的比较，深基坑开挖与支护咨询专家系统完全达到了预期的目标，不仅提供的咨询结果正确，而且可以提供令人信服的解释。

It specifically analyses the construction problems of bridge deep foundation ditch excavation in the section of earthquake liquefied soft soil area,puts forward the programs of vacuum light well precipitation, steel tube pile fender and the composition of them to solve the damages of sand-blast boil and landslide that easily happened in the construction.

详细分析了地震液化带软土地区桥梁深基坑开挖的施工问题，提出了真空轻型井点降水、钢管桩围堰和两者相结合的方案来解决施工过程中可能出现的喷砂冒水和滑坡等灾害，试验结果表明，用该方法进行深基坑开挖支护是十分有效的。

By evaluating the stability parameters such as the upper wall thickness,solidness and the strength of the mine props,etc,dangerous area of the goafs are predicted. Practical and economic protection measures are proposed ...

针对采空区的顶板厚度、稳固性、矿柱强度等稳定性参数，预测了采空区危险地段，建议对采空区采取监测、封闭、排水、充填、联合支护等既安全又经济可行的防治措施。

According to slopes'stabilities, this paper devided them into four types on the basis of flat-cut and short-supporting, high-cut and strong-supporting. To different slopes, the different excavation and reinforcement schemes are choosed by simple and unified standard.

由于试验条件的局限性和边坡破坏后后果严重，为尽量避免边坡的破坏，本文采用了UDEC程序对重点边坡的开挖前后阶段进行了模拟，预测了边坡的发展趋势，为边坡的支护设计提供了一定的理论依据。

The calculating results indicate that surrounding rock initial stress has an obvious influence on interior force of invert center, interior force increases with the vertical force increasing in both side of invert center, and decrease with horizontal force increasing in interior side , unchangeable in outer ...

计算结果表明，围岩初始应力场对仰拱受力有明显影响，随着竖向压力的增大，仰拱中心的内、外侧应力均增大；随着水平压力的增大，仰拱中心内侧应力减小、外侧应力基本不变；减小复合衬砌结构中初期支护厚度以及变刚性接头为柔性接头均会改善仰拱受力。

The paper describes the interior stability analy sis on slope of deep excavation pits in loess soil.

讨论了黄土类深基坑开挖边坡土钉支护结构内部稳定性分析计算和设计方法。

The key technology for bolt supporting in mining roadway is put forward, such as pre-anchoring bolt, flexible boltand combining bolt.

提出了在回采巷道发挥锚杆支护作用的关键技术，即预应力锚杆技术、组合锚杆技术。

The presentation introduces conditions, features and difficulties in the recovery project of Shanghai Metro Line 4, by stating cons and pros of overall proposal of recovery design, the safeness of support and bracing structure for hyper deep foundation, influence of mid-river cofferdam on existing sound tunnel and hyper deep foundation, structural design selection for connection section of the mined tunnel, water-proofing option for hyper deep foundation in confined aquifer soil.

报告介绍了上海地铁4号线修复工程建设条件、特点和难点，陈述了对修复设计总体方案取舍、超深基坑支护结构安全度、江中围堰对完好隧道及超深基坑的影响、暗挖连接段的结构设计方案选择、处于承压含水层中的超深基坑的结构防水等内容。

Outline of the Presentation The presentation introduces conditions, features and difficulties in the recovery project of Shanghai Metro Line 4, by stating cons and pros of overall proposal of recovery design, the safeness of support and bracing structure for hyper deep foundation, influence of mid-river cofferdam on existing sound tunnel and hyper deep foundation, structural design selection for connection section of the mined tunnel, water-proofing option for hyper deep foundation in confined aquifer soil.

报告内容介绍报告介绍了上海地铁4号线修复工程建设条件、特点和难点，陈述了对修复设计总体方案取舍、超深基坑支护结构安全度、江中围堰对完好隧道及超深基坑的影响、暗挖连接段的结构设计方案选择、处于承压含水层中的超深基坑的结构防水等内容。

In the rock-soil engineering, the soil pressure caused by slope excavation is very complicate .It not only withes pays to the reinforced structure displacement, stiffness and geological condition, but also related with the excavation method.

岩土工程中，边坡因开挖坡脚岩土体所产生的作用于支挡结构上的土压力情况复杂，它不仅与支护结构位移、刚度和岩土体地质条件相关，而且还在很大程度上取决于施工方法。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。