支护

The researches about support structures of underground support are mostly in the exploring phase as wall rock often shows discontinuous and ununiformity character.

由于岩石类介质的显著特点为在一定尺度上呈现非连续性和不均匀性，因此，在以上特性下的洞室支护结构研究任然处于探索阶段。

U shape yieldable steel ribs are commonly used supports in coal mines.

U型钢可缩性金属支架是煤矿巷道中常用的支护形式。

On the safe side, we should use active soil pressure and passive soil pressure to calculate the support strength before T increased. That is RA=EA-EP Among them: RA ………… holding strength EA ………… composite force of active soil pressure EP ………… composite force of passive soil pressure Immediately, flexural torque distribution of enclosure wall can be counted. Mmax is the location of shear force zero. Equivalence beam method abridges. No matter which kind of supporting structure form, the key problem lies in the establishment depth of catch point, severity of support and enclosure wall, penetration depth and pit bottom quality of soil property.

单道锚杆支护结构计算分别采用静力平衡法及等值梁法，根据试算法插入深度t值需先进行假定墙的插入深度确定后来计算支撑力，为了安全起见，可按插入深度增大前的主动与被动土压力合力计算支撑力即 RA=EA-EP 式中：RA …………支撑力 EA …………主动土压力合力 EP …………被动土压力合力随之可求围护墙的弯矩分布，Mmax为剪力为零点的位置，等值梁法的计算略述。

Comparing with other optimization methods, it needs few mathematical requirements, so it appropriates to deep foundation pit optimization.

与传统搜索方法相比，遗传算法对所求解的优化问题没有太多的数学要求，适用范围更广，适合于解决基坑支护优化问题。

Comparing with other optimization methods, it needs few mathematical requirements, so it appropriates to optimization design of supporting structures for foundation pit.

探讨了深基坑支护结构优化设计方法，详细阐述了遗传算法的基础理论和实现技术。

Made a systematic analysis to the simulation results and educe these conclusions: The reinforcement action of pre-tensioned bolts supporting joints rock mass mainly externalizes in creasing the interlayer-pressure and roadway roof pressure.

预应力锚杆对层状顶板的加固机理是增加层间正压力，从而降低节理面之间的滑动位移，控制顶板离层量，降低巷道位移。预应力锚杆支护，是提高煤巷节理顶板稳定性的有效方法。

In order to study the breakage of starting cut in the working face under the special conditions of big span,soft,fragmentized roof with high stress,the paper gives a detailed analysis of the breakage causes of starting cut with bolting under the special conditions in 2313 face,No.

为了研究大跨度、松软破碎顶板、高应力等特殊条件下的工作面切眼冒落问题，对该特殊条件下的荆各庄矿11煤层2313工作面锚杆支护切眼的冒落原因进行了详细分析。

With the increasing of the bedrock thickness, pressurized pace was increased gradually, the roof caving and surface subsidence were gentled step by step. When the thickness of roof bedrock was larger than 60m, the bench subsidence was not occurred, and the value of surface subsidence was also small. The mining technology was proper and highly active, and the support programme was feasible. The roof was controlled effectively by the support system, and achieved safety mining.

随着基岩厚度的增加，顶板来压步距逐步增加，顶板垮落与地表下沉越来越缓和，基岩厚度大于60m时，顶板来压不再出现台阶下沉，地面下沉量较小；针对不同厚度基岩提出的采煤方法合理，高效，支护方案可行，能够有效控制顶板，实现安全生产。

By treating the fully anchored or grouted rock as the reinforcing material, we approach the problem by topology optimization.

本文将锚固或注浆加固后的岩体看成人工支护材料，并试图用拓扑方法解决它们在围岩中的布置。

Floor and sidewall heaves are difficult issues in soft rock tunnels.

软岩巷道的底臌或帮臌，是巷道支护的一个难题。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。