支护

And the value changes with the variety of excavation mode,velocity and dismantlement of the underlying props in order.

支护桩体的变形随桩深、支撑条件变化而变化。

In this lesson, the problem of the shoring form and the support parameters of shallow underground cavity belonging to strong effloresce band, is studied by force method calculation and numerical value analyzing, and so on.

在本课题中，通过力法计算、数值模拟等方面对浅埋强风化段地下洞室支护问题展开研究，并对煤矿井巷工程中的U型钢可缩性支架、型钢混凝土组合结构的设计计算方法进行一定的探讨，为现场工程设计和施工提供科学依据和技术参考。

Based on the characteristics of cruts of blind incline shafts of Q ianqiu mine and the affect of mining on the blind incline shafts, the 1st and 2n d major maintenances performed using yielding metal support and bolting and shot creting wire mesh by the effect of their safety pillar 's abutment pressure are d escribed.

针对千秋煤矿暗斜井穿岩巷道的特点、采动对暗斜井的影响状况，阐述了暗斜井在保护煤柱固定支承压力作用下，利用拱形可缩性金属支架、锚喷网支护进行一、二次大修的过程。

Base on the finite element methods, this paper makes research on construction process and dynamic optimal control of deep excavation from the points of controllability, observation and stability. The main work may be summarized as follows

本文从现代控制理论的可控性、可观性和稳定性角度出发，对深基坑支护体系进行了基于有限元分析的施工过程和动态优化控制研究，所作主要工作如下

The theory and the implementation of the genetic algorithms are discussed in detail. The question on how to choose the crossover probability, the mutation probability, the scale of population and the numbers of the generation is discussed. Then, the mathematics model of the optimal design is established. Exerting the finite element of elastic base beam and using FORTRAN to write the GAFORTRAN program. The program includes the common genetic algorithms and the modified genetic algorithms.

详细介绍了遗传算法的理论和实现技术，探讨了交叉概率、变异概率、群体规模、进化代数等变量的选取问题，建立起了基于遗传算法的深基坑支护结构设计的优化模型，结合弹性地基梁有限元法，利用FORTRAN语言编制了GAFORTRAN优化程序，程序中包括普通遗传算法和改进遗传算法。

Evolutionary structural optimization; fixed grid finite element; shape optimization of cutouts in composite plates and shells; design of tunnel support

渐进结构优化；固定网格有限元；复合材料板壳开孔形状优化；洞室支护设计

Supporting type is suggested to be developed into 3-prop to improve adaptability besides 2-prop and 4-prop. The difference of caving difficulty degree of coal seam is the base of caving coal method at high, medium and low position. Caving with small step and open caving flashboard used widely not only cause serious mixture of coal and rock but also hinder the improvement of top coal recovery. So we suggest caving with large step or closing caving door. Four-bar-mechanism of hydraulic support restricts development of new style caving powered support. Stabilization framework of expansion link and all-shield caving tail beam at high, medium and low position are introduced here.

支架支护型式，除了两柱、四柱以外，建议开发三柱支架以改善适应性；煤层冒放性的差异，是高位、中位和低位放煤方法存在和使用的依据；目前广泛采用的小步距放煤和开放式放煤插板不仅造成严重混矸漏矸，也妨碍顶煤回收率的进一步提高，建议采用大步距放煤和可关闭放煤口；液压支架四连杆稳定机构，制约了新型放顶煤液压支架的开发，介绍了液压支架伸缩杆稳定机构及全掩护拖移高位、中位和低位放煤尾梁。

Though the load analysis on the tunnel roof wall-rock in the fault footwall tunnel, this paper solves the problem of the tunnel support of tunneling through the great fault; and though the load analysis on the corresponding wedge of the lower abandoned tunnel, solves the problem of the influence of the lower abandoned tunnel on the upper tunnel floor.

通过对断层下盘巷道顶板围岩的受力分析，解决了煤巷掘进过大断层的巷道支护问题；通过对下部废巷道对应的楔形体的受力分析，解决了下部废弃巷道对上部巷道底板的影响问题。

This method can be used the first stage aseismic fortification design and analysis of the slope protected by soil nailing.

故这种方法可用于土钉支护边坡的第1阶段的抗震分析与设计。

It was necessary that the frontispiece of face was pre-supported in the especial stratum. Fourthly, by the model analytic value and the FEM numerical simulation, the advance reinforcement parameters were analyzed roundly, and its results explained that the parameters had optimal values. A series of formulations conforming loads born up for pre-reinforcement structure were given, and five rules for its design and choice were put forward.

全面分析了影响工作面超前预加固参数的因素；揭示了拱部超前预加固参数与地层参数、隧道开挖与支护参数等的内在联系；论证了地层预加固参数的最佳值概念；给出了确定超前预加固结构作用荷载的半拱法、全拱法和全土柱法理论计算公式；建立了隧道工作面上覆地层稳定性判别的准则；提出了工作面地层预加固参数设计与选择的5个指导原则；最后给出了一整套确定浅埋暗挖法隧道工作面地层预加固参数的动态设计方法。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。