支护

With plain strain finite element method,the characteristic of double-row pile of excavation of foundation pit in soil clay is studied.

采用平面应变有限元方法研究了软粘土地基基坑开挖双排桩支护结构的性状，重点分析了桩土界面特性、前后排桩间距等因素对支护结构的内力和变形的影响。

The main contents include waterproof and drainage in entrance of tunnel, tunnel Portal Structure and top area of tunnel; Primary support design, Second lining construction design, Blasting design, main procedure of construction, the requirement of construction technology and the choice of materials.

本文主要对隧道的洞口、洞门、洞顶、洞内的防排水，隧道的混凝土初期支护设计、二次支护设计、爆破设计、以及各主要工序的施工步骤，施工工艺的要求，施工材料的选择等这些主要的控制性因素进行研究。

Considering the theory of roadway support in soft rock, we proposed an active support mode based on study of rheology of weak adjacent rock, complex stress environment, and destabilization of original supports. Fully grouted bolt, extension grouted cable that can strengthen self-bearing capacity and entirety are used. Original support scheme and reinforcement scheme are simulated by means of FLAC(superscript 3D).

在分析硐室围岩岩性、软弱围岩流变、复杂应力环境及原支护结构失稳的基础上，结合软岩巷道围岩控制理论，提出了以全长锚固锚杆、锚索增强围岩整体性和自承载能力的主动支护，并以底板锚注加底拱返修加固。

This paper describes the support way by console support,extension steel,shotcrete,bolt wire net shotcrete,rope and shotcret used in crossing F7 Fault.

阐述穿F7断层采用前探支护+喷碹+锚杆+挂网+喷碹+锚索+喷碹支护方式。

Based respectively on elastic ground beam and finite element method, two dynamic prediction methods for displacement of foundation pit are developed by the light of bionic algorithms. The case studies demonstrate that the two methods have advantage over other methods.

通过修正土压力分布模式，利用仿生算法，建立了基于弹性地基梁有限元法的深基坑支护结构位移与安全性动态预报模型和计算方法，两个算例表明，该法比规范推荐的弹性地基梁法的预测精度要高；同时，建立了基于连续介质有限元法的深基坑支护结构位移与安全性动态仿生优化预报法，算例计算结果证明了该法比同类方法计算结果要好。

In accordance with strata combination of composite beams belongs to combination in key delamination on bolt combined effect, on the basis of principle of deformation coordination uniform, calculation formulas were deduced that of bolt pre-tightening force on bolt support in the roof of mining roadway.

在指出锚杆组合作用下组合梁内的岩层组合属于关键分层之间组合的基础上，进一步依据变形协调一致的原则，推导出了回采巷道顶板锚杆支护中锚杆预紧力计算公式。该研究对回采巷道顶板锚杆支护设计具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。

The strengthened depth and so on; on the other hand, the compound mode of those influencing factors in the design and the difference of theoretical model should not be ignored, So, a state equation of limit equilibrium, which was applied to stability analysis of soil nail structure, was set up considering the influence of inter-slice force and combining the idea of disturbance force of Sarma with slice method. In the design of timbering of excavation, the reliability theory was used to analyze not only the sensitivity of random variables, including index of reliability and safety factor, but also the relationship between them.

因此，在理论分析模型方面，应用Sarma所提出的扰动力概念与条分法相结合，建立了考虑条间作用力影响的土钉支护结构稳定分析极限状态方程；在开挖支护设计方面，运用可靠度理论分析了各项设计参数及其组合方式对安全系数与可靠度影响的敏感性，以及安全系数与可靠度的相互关系。

In order to determine the size of coal pillar scientifically and reasonably, we mainly studied the law of stress distribution of the surrounding rock and the mechanism of narrow pillar drift and high strength bolt support and so on, indicating that using the narrow pillar drift and high strength bolt support can effectively guarantee the stability of gob-side entry in deep mine.

为科学合理地确定煤柱尺寸，保证沿空巷道的稳定，研究了沿空巷道的围岩应力分布规律、小煤柱护巷机理以及高强锚杆支护。从理论上证明了采用小煤柱护巷及高强锚杆支护方式理论上能够有效地保证深井沿空巷道的稳定。

The dimensions of diversion tunnel of Xiluodu Hydropower Station takes lead all over the world because the excavation sizes of gate shaft of right diversion tunnel was broad,the construction schedule is urgent and the construction is interfered frequently by outside factors.

溪洛渡水电站导流洞工程规模居世界前列，其右岸导流洞闸门竖井开挖断面尺寸大、工期紧张、施工干扰大，充分利用竖井断面大、作业面宽的特点，采用了类似于洞外边坡开挖支护的方法开挖支护施工，使工期提前1.5个月，实现了竖井开挖快速施工。

The supporting system of self-drilling soil-nail with sealing wall made by SMW construction machine are discussed through foundation pit of a tunnel project.

南京某隧道工程垂直支护段采用自钻式土钉与SMW机械施工止水帷幕相结合复合土钉支护技术，介绍了该技术的设计、施工方法，并结合现场试验分析了其受力及变形机理。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。