播种时期

The ecological mechanism of fertility transition for a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line,Qiong-68 ms,was evaluated by means of sowing by stages,investigating leafage and detecting the fertility of pollen.

采用分期播种、叶龄调查以及花粉镜检等方法，对玉米温敏核雄性不育系琼68 ms 育性转换的生态机制进行了研究，发现琼68 ms的育性变化主要受温度影响，日最高温度是其育性转换的主要因素，表现为高温不育，低温可育，育性转换的温度范围为30~33℃，雄穗发育的小穗分化期是对温度敏感的关键时期。

The results showed that POD activity increased at first and then decreased in the skin and flesh of root. The peak occurred at 40 d and 60 d in the skin and flesh, respectively. POD activity in the skin was higher than that in the flesh at 30 d and then contrary results were observed. The higher POD activity was, the more POD isoenzyme was. The pattern of POD isoenzymes was different between skin and flesh at different vegetative growth stages. POD isoenzymes in the skin were composed of five monomers and four dimers while five dimers or two monomers, two dimers and one tetramer in the flesh. POD isoenzymes in the root were mainly acidic. POD localized mainly in the cell walls of periderm, cambium, xylem ray, xylem vessels and primary xylem.

结果显示，心里美萝卜营养生长期肉质根的皮和肉中POD活性均先升高后降低，分别在播种后第40 d和60 d出现峰值，30 d时皮中POD活性高于肉，之后则相反，酶活性最高时同工酶数目也最多，不同时期，皮和肉中同工酶种类不同；皮中POD同工酶由5个单体和4个二聚体组成，而肉中由5个二聚体或2个单体、2个二聚体和1个四聚体组成，均以酸性同工酶为主；组化定位显示POD主要分布在肉质根的周皮、形成层、木射线、木质部导管和肉的初生木质部等的细胞壁附近。

The spore germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are studied. It indicates that :① the development period of prothallium and young sporophyte of the same species is different due to seeding time of spores;② the optimal temperatures of spores germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are about 15 -24 ℃;③ the rate of spore germination of rare ferns is much lower than the ferns which occur large populations in nature;④ the treatment with GA 3 can accelerate the germination of the spores;⑤ the prothallium changes from large to small, green to yellow when young sporophyte comes out. The prothalliums of all 21 ferns die away after the appear of the 3rd leaf of sporophytes;⑥ shapes of the 1st and 2nd leaves of the young sporophyte are different from those emerged later;⑦ spores cultured in dark can not germinate;⑧ a prothallium can develop only one young sporophyte though it has many archegoniums, and the spore propagation with leaf mould substrate is an economical method.

摘 要：以腐叶土为培养基质，对 21 种蕨类植物进行了孢子萌发和原叶体发育的研究，结果表明：①不同时期播种的同种蕨类的孢子，发育出原叶体和幼孢子体所历经的时间长短不同；②孢子萌发和配子体生长发育的适宜温度约为 15 ～ 24 ℃；③稀有蕨类的孢子萌发率低，而在野外能形成较大种群的蕨类的孢子萌发率高；④用 GA 3 处理孢子可以促进萌发；⑤当原叶体上长出幼孢子体时，原叶体由大变小，由绿变黄， 21 种蕨类的原叶体都在幼孢子体上长出第 3 片叶时消失；⑥幼孢子体上长出的第 1 、 2 片叶在形态上与以后长出的叶不同；⑦孢子萌发需要光；⑧ 1 片原叶体尽管有多个颈卵器，但仅发育出 1 株幼孢子体；⑨利用腐叶土进行蕨类孢子繁殖是一种经济实用的繁殖方法。

The planting experiment of Trifolium repens L.

三叶草的播种实验表明，适宜的播种时期：春播为4月下旬，秋播为9月上中旬。

The worst drought in Beijing continues in these years, since 2006, the corn production method shifted from irrigable cultivation to rained dry field cultivation, which brought the changefully items during the breeding period by taking advantage of natural precipitation, plus the unsuitable way of corn selection, these items will cause the reduction production of corn.

近年来北京地区持续干旱，自2006年起玉米生产开始由灌溉栽培转向雨养旱作生产，随之带来利用自然降水播种导致播种时期的不确定性，品种选择不当将导致严重减产，品质大幅下降。

With different plant hormones, rehabilitation Nitramine sodium in the plant between sowing to harvest at any time use.

与植物激素不同，复硝酚钠可以在植物播种至收获之间的任何时期使用。

Each variety was sown into three blocks.They were harvested at 79～83d(MS1), 86～89d(MS2),93～96d(MS3) and 98～100d(MS4) after seeding and ensiled with four different ensiling treatments(R group:adding lactobacillus,3×10~9cfu/t,E group: adding cellulase 2×10~4u/kgDM,xylanase 6×10~5 thousand u/kgDM andβ-glucanase 5×10~5 u/kgDM,R+E group:adding lactobacillus 3×10~9cfu/t and enzyme preparation as E group together,group:adding no additives but carrier).The whole crop rice were pestled by mallet and then chopped into 3cm～5cm after they were harvested and then ensiled in a 6L polyethylene pot and sealed.

为探索全株青贮饲料稻的适宜品种、适宜收获时期和适宜青贮处理方法及其品质评价，2006年，选择饲料稻湘早籼24、湘丰早119和浙辐802，采用相同的栽培技术，种植在同一大田，每个品种设三个重复小区，分别在四个不同成熟阶段(MS1：播种后79～83d；MS2：播种后86～89d；MS3：播种后93～96d；MS4：播种后98～100d)收割，采用四种青贮添加剂处理(R组：添加乳酸菌3g/t；E组：添加纤维素酶2万u/kgDM、木聚糖酶60万u/kgDM和β-葡聚糖酶50万u/kgDM；R+E组—添加乳酸菌+复合酶，其中乳酸菌添加量同R组，复合酶添加量同E组；K组—不添加任何添加剂)。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。