摩擦滚轴

Pitch circle diameter: d = mz = 3X12 = 36 Tooth crown heights: ha = m (f0 + x)= 3X (l +0.5)= 4.5 Tooth High: hf = m (f0 + cx)= 3X (l +0.25-0.5)= 2.25 Tooth full height: h = ha + hf = 4.5 +2.25 = 6.75 Addendum circle Chemical pumps diameter: Da = d +2 ha = 36 +2 X4.5 = 45 Fixed string tooth thickness: Sxn = m (π/ 2 * cos2a + xsin2a)= 3X (1.387 +0.6428 X0.5)= 5.125 Fixed string of high gear tooth thickness measurement: hxn = m (π/ 8 * sin2a + xsin2a)= 3X (0.7476X0.117X0.5)= 2.42 Modulus coefficient x0.5 m3 O20 ° pressure angle tooth thickness Sxn5.12 fixed string Addendum Coefficient string f1 fixed gear tooth thickness measurement most high hxn2.42 Teeth z12 2, shaft wear and tear maintenance: Axis gear pump wear is mainly because with the support roller shaft at both ends between the friction and wear, so that smaller shaft diameter.

分度圆直径：d=mz=3X12=36 齿顶高：ha=m（f0+x）=3X（l+0.5）=4.5 齿根高：hf=m（f0+c-x）=3X（l+0.25-0.5）=2.25 齿全高：h=ha+hf=4.5+2.25=6.75 齿顶圆直径：Da=d+2ha=36+2X4.5=45 固定弦齿厚：Sxn=m（π/2*cos2a+xsin2a）=3X（1.387+0.6428X0.5）=5.125 固定弦齿厚测量用齿高：hxn=m（π/8*sin2a+xsin2a）=3X（0.7476X0.117X0.5）=2.42 模数m3变位系数x0.5 齿形角o20°固定弦齿厚Sxn5.12 齿顶高系数f1固定弦齿厚测最齿高hxn2.42 齿数z12 2、轴的磨损维修：齿轮泵中轴的磨损主要是因为轴两端与支撑滚针间的摩擦磨损，使轴径变小。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

The friction coefficien of the bearings with ringlike flanges and spherical roller ends is decreased to 20%.

与普通轴承相比，改进后的轴承，轴向摩擦系数可以减小50%左右，其中环曲面挡边球端面滚子轴承可以减小80%。

The relation among the bevel drive pinion bearing preloads, axial displacement and locknut screwing moment and the relation between the frictional moments were analyzed in this article.

该文分析了汽车主锥中圆锥滚子轴承的预紧力与轴向位移、压紧轴承的锁紧螺母拧紧力矩之间的关系，以及轴向位移量与启动摩擦力矩之间的内在联系，并研制出具有锁紧螺母预紧力矩和轴承启动摩擦力矩自动测量功能的主锥自动装配设备的控制系统。

Today, most of the roller-skating are primarily use-line skates, also known as brush, 66,(In-line skating enthusiasts of the sport's another name, derived from the skating surface friction in the wheels and the sound at the same time also known as skates to "brush", said the ice-skating in the street as "Brush Street", while 66 with Yo-homonyms, and more interesting and easy to read, mostly for lovers called each other).

今日多数的滚轴溜冰者主要都使用直排轮，又称刷刷、66，（直排旱冰爱好者对这项运动的别称，来源于溜冰中轮子和地面摩擦时所发出的声音，同时也称溜冰鞋为&刷子&，称在马路上溜冰为&刷街&，而66与溜溜同音，更有趣味顺口，多为爱好者的互称）。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了