摩擦块

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.08-0.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.02-0.05 and 0.2 mm^3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2立方公厘左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.080.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.020.05 and 0.2 mm3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2 mm3左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

The Joint elements of pneumatic clutch adopted friction disc, friction blocks etc.

气动离合器接合元件主要采用摩擦片，摩擦块等。

Based on finite element theory, the contact problem of sliding block was studied with the application of Stribeck friction model, and the stress and displacement distribution of sliding block were obtained.

以干摩擦滑块模型为对象，基于有限元理论研究了Stribeck摩擦条件下的准静态单边接触问题，探讨了Stribeck摩擦对接触求解的影响。

But in actual experimental process, the viscous force of friction has influenc in the varying degree to the measurement result when the initial velocity of the slide block is different.

在气垫导轨上做碰撞实验，最大限度地减少了摩擦阻力的影响，但在实际的实验过程中，仍发现滑块的初速度不同时，粘滞性摩擦阻力对测量结果有不同程度的影响，为此在气垫导轨上增加了电子发射装置，较好地控制滑块的初速度和测量滑块的加速度，从而减小粘滞性摩擦阻力对测量结果的影响。

In this mode,l a grid- section model is introduced to determine the sectional tangent stiffness of reinforced concrete beam element and analyze its degeneration process, and three-node friction-sliding tendon elements are employed to analyze the friction and sliding of external tendons at deviators or sliding blocks.

引入分块截面模型确定钢筋混凝土梁单元截面的切线刚度和分析其退化过程，采用三节点摩擦滑移预应力筋单元分析体外预应力筋在转向块或滑块处的摩擦滑移效应。

Puts briefly, the braking system has the braking force through the friction filler block clamp revolving brake disc or the lining compaction revolving brake drum, during this process as a result of will rub produces the massive friction heats.

简单地说，制动系统是通过摩擦衬块夹紧旋转的制动盘或摩擦衬片压紧旋转的制动鼓来产生制动力的，在此过程中将由于摩擦而产生大量的摩擦热。

A U-shaped friction disk A and several centrifugal springs connected to a friction block are installed to the output shaft of engine. Several centrifugal springs connected to another friction block are fixed to another U-shaped friction disk B. Said U-shaped friction disk has a central output shaft with small gear. The small gear, big gear and output chain wheel are installed to drive shaft.

在发动机的输出轴上装有&U&形摩擦盘和分别等分固接有连接摩擦块的数个离心弹簧，另一&U&形摩擦盘外等分固接有连接另一摩擦块的数个离心弹簧，另一&U&形摩擦盘开口朝向发动机内侧、镶嵌在摩擦块&U&形摩擦盘内侧间，另一&U&形摩擦盘外侧中心的输出轴上装有小齿轮；在传动轴装有另一小齿轮、大齿轮和输出链轮，大齿轮与另一&U&形摩擦盘上的小齿轮啮合；脚踩曲柄的轮轴上有与超越离合器相连的另一大齿轮与传动轴的另一小齿轮啮合。

Drum brake is also called block brake with which drives can brake the car by making the brake block press on brake pulley. Brake block is located inside of brake pulley and it will spread out and chafe against the inside of brake pulley when braking, so the car will stop.

鼓式制动器也叫块式制动器，是靠制动块在制动轮上压紧来实现刹车的，它的制动块位于制动轮内侧，在刹车的时候制动块向外张开，摩擦制动轮的内侧，达到刹车的目的。

First, a test system of tire tread rubber friction was established.

首先，建立了轮胎橡胶动摩擦试验系统，设计了动摩擦试验方法，通过对轮胎橡胶块的摩擦试验获得了轮胎橡胶在不同速度、温度、路面、压力等因素下的摩擦特性数据，并通过拟合得到了相应摩擦特性参数。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。