摩擦

The research indicated, the 25%～50% frictional power loss of internal combustion engine is wasted by Cylinder-piston ring friction pairs.

缸套-活塞环摩擦副是内燃机中最重要的摩擦副之一，它的应用极为广泛，数以亿计的内燃机都采用这种摩擦副。

The wet friction and wear properties were tested by friction ring. The temperature distribution of the friction ring was simulated under the condition of 2500r/min and 1.5MPa.

测试由其制成的摩擦实验环的湿式摩擦磨损性能，并利用软件建立的有限元模型对2500r/min及1.5MPa时摩擦实验环的温度场分布进行模拟。

Additionally, a method of forming a low friction piston ring is provided including applying a friction reducing surface treatment, such as tungsten disulfide, to at least one of the first and second axially facing surfaces and preventing the application of the friction reducing surface treatment on the radially outwardly facing surface.

另外，提供了一种形成低摩擦活塞环的方法，包括向第一轴向面和第二轴向面中至少一个应用减小摩擦的表面处理，例如二硫化钨，并且防止在径向外侧面上应用减小摩擦的表面处理。

The metallic deformation law was analyzed with pure aluminium at room temperature on a self-developed large specimen plane strain thermomechanical simulator under different friction conditions at top and bottom interfaces.

结果显示：随着摩擦的增大，变形负载将增大，宽展减小；当上下接触面间摩擦条件不同时，变形后的试样将出现&U&字型，而且随着上下接触面之间摩擦差值的增大，其变形不均将更加严重。

In order to solve the phenomenon of the side wear and corrosion between the rod and the tube during the sucker rod pump's working process,wearable and antisepsis coatings was coated in oil tube ,and friction and wear properties between many types of oil tube and rod materials pairs were studied.

为了治理有杆泵井的管杆偏磨问题，在油管上喷涂了一层耐磨防腐涂层，并对比研究了抽油杆和油田常用的油管摩擦副及喷涂耐磨涂层后的油管摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能。

In order to improve the accuracy of the existing transformation ratio model of the hydraulic transformer, a mathematical model is established by introducing the friction coefficient, the viscous drag friction coefficient and the laminar leakage coefficient.

为解决已有的液压变压器变压比模型与实际结果偏差较大的问题，通过对实际工作过程中不应忽略的摩擦与泄漏损失进行研究，引入机械摩擦损失系数、黏性摩擦损失系数和层流泄漏系数，建立了液压变压器变压比模型。

The results show that in the applied load range of 10250 N, the mass loss rate of coated AZ91D alloy can be identified to three stages, which are related with whether the coating is worn out. Abrasion is the main mechanism for the coated alloy. The friction coefficient of the coated alloy during sliding wear appears oscillation before it reaches a constant value, which is close to the μ value of the matrix alloy. The mass loss rate of coated alloy increases slightly with increasing applied load when the applied load is more than 150 N because of high plastic deformation accommodation on the matrix alloy surface.

结果表明：根据载荷大小，涂层处理后AZ91D镁合金的磨损行为明显分为3个阶段，这些阶段同陶瓷层是否磨穿密切相关；微弧氧化涂层AZ91D镁合金的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损；受表面状况的影响，陶瓷涂层的摩擦因数在 0.20~0.45 间波动；在较高载荷下，涂层被磨穿后，涂层的摩擦因数趋于基体合金的摩擦因数，涂层合金的表面变形能力提高，该阶段质量磨损速率随载荷增加，趋势变得缓慢。

When the car of system motive be stronger than the friction of the tire and will result in the tire lock die, once the occurrence tire lock die so tire and the friction of the ground from" quiet the friction"s become" to move the friction", not only the friction lowers significantly but even will lose to change direction to follow the vestige ability.

当剎车的制动力大过轮胎的摩擦力就会造成轮胎锁死，一旦发生轮胎锁死那么轮胎与地面间的摩擦就由『静摩擦』变成『动摩擦』，不但摩擦力大幅降低更会失去转向循迹能力。

Through building the FSW heat source model of 4 mm sheet 7075 aluminum alloy, the thermo-mechanical numerical analysis for the temperature field and stress-strain field in the process of FSW was carried out using ANSYS, the distribution of the temperature field and surface residual stress of the sheet aluminum alloy FSW was interpreted.

本文通过建立4 mm薄板7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊热源模型，利用ANSYS对搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的温度场和应力应变场进行热机耦合数值分析，解释了薄板铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的温度场和表面残余应力的分布。

The higher surface energy of substrate results in higher effective viscosity and thicker ordered molecular film.

从侧面证明了有序液体模型的正确性，即薄膜润滑的成膜性能与近固体表面润滑剂分子的有序度密切相关；足够大的外电压使无序流体膜有序化，生成较高的有效粘度和较厚的油膜，并且二者随着外电压的增加，逐渐趋于稳定；外电场作用下，摩擦系数增大，切断电源后，摩擦系数减小，但不能恢复到未加电压前的摩擦系数值。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。