提取

Extraction of high-quality RNA from Panax ginseng tissues is particularly difficult due to high levels of polyphenolics and polysaccharides, or other compounds that bind and/or coprecipitate with RNA. The methods such as guanidinum thiocyanate, CTAB and modified Trizol were applied to isolate high purity and integrity RNA from Panax ginseng.

针对人参组织多酚、多糖类物质含量较高的特点，比较了改良的异硫氰酸胍法、改良的CTAB法和改良的Trizol法等3种不同的RNA提取方法。3种改良的方法均能从人参组织中提取到总RNA。

The best extraction and purification technology of Coprinus comatus polysaccharide were optimized with the orthogonal design.

本文研究了提取温度、时间、次数和固液比等因素对提取得率的影响，用正交试验优化。

Methods The flavonoids were extracted by ethanol as the solvent from Bragica juncea coss with ultrasonic wave and ethanol extraction .

方法采用超声波乙醇浸提法从芥菜中提取黄酮类物质，对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证，并用分光光度法测定含量，用芥菜总黄酮对羟自由基清除作用进行实验。

Methods Used the salvia miltiorrhiza original medicine cribble, the control temperature （80±2）℃ carried on 95% ethyl alcohol, 50% ethyl alcohol and the water withdraws in turn 3 times, the ethyl alcohol withdraws each 0.5h to circulate 10min, the filtrate reduced pressure concentration.

方法采用丹参原药粗粉，控制温度（80±2）℃进行95%乙醇、50%乙醇和水依次提取3次（乙醇提取每0.5h 循环10min ，滤液减压浓缩）。

Using Landsat TM data, based on the spectral character analysis of main land-use types, different feature models under strong land disturbance in Antaibao opencast coal mine were set up. Vegetation higher cover area, vegetation lower cover area, denudation and cumuli area, excavation and transport area and slope area in Antaibao were extracted. The information of areas with higher vegetation cover and lower vegetation cover were detected by NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index).

该研究利用Landsat TM数据，以安太堡大型露天煤矿为例，在对地物光谱特征深入分析的基础上，设计了大型露天矿区土地剧烈扰动下不同地物特征提取模型，提取了安太堡露天矿区植被高覆盖区、植被低覆盖区、剥离堆垫区、采煤运煤区及边坡区等不同地物信息。

The results showed that the ultrasonic extraction is a rather ideal method of extracting red P. tha fortuneana pigment. Cyanidin3glucoside can be hydrolysised to aglycon cyanidin under the conditions of 90℃, 9％HCl and 11min.Silica gel thinlayer chromatography with developping agent benzene∶ethyl acetate∶formic acid = 2∶2∶1 is better to separate cyanidin. Cyanidin is stable to heat and light, unstable to Zn2+ and Fe3+ and Cu2+, insensitive to Co2+ and Bi3+, befitting to acidic condition.

结果表明，超声提取法是提取火棘红色素的较理想方法；矢车菊素3葡萄糖苷在90℃和9％盐酸中水解11 min，可以顺利得到其苷元矢车菊素；以苯、乙酸乙酯、甲酸(2∶2∶1)为展开剂的硅胶薄层层析法分离矢车菊素的效果较好；矢车菊素对热和光较稳定，在酸性条件下稳定，对Co2+和Bi3+不敏感，对Zn2+、Fe3+、Cu2+不稳定。

So the extraction pocess of the cyanin of Acer ginnala should be away from light,the optimization extraction time was 6 h,pH was lower or equal 3.0,the temperature was 5～20℃C.

因此在整个茶条槭花色素苷的提取分析过程中应尽量避光操作，最佳提取时间为6h，pH值≤3.0，同时温度控制在5～20℃为适宜。

The main experiment on supercritical CO2 extraction technology Cynomorium flavonoids process to explore and identify better conditions for the extraction.

本实验主要对超临界CO2流体技术提取锁阳黄酮的工艺条件进行探讨，以及确定较好的提取条件。

MethodsThe flavonoids were extracted with ethanol as the solvent from Cyperus rotundus by ultrasonic wave. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the flavanone of Cyperus rotundus .

方法采用超声波乙醇浸提法从香附中提取黄酮类物质，对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证，并用分光光度法测定含量。

Total mRNA was extracted from a venom gland of snake Daboia russellii siamensis following the manufacturers protocol of the PolyATtract System 1000 kit purchased from Promega Biotech. cDNAs encoding C-type lectins were amplified by RT-PCR and subcloned into a pMD18-T vector.

按照Promega公司的mRNA提取试剂盒操作手册，从圆斑蝰蛇的毒腺中提取mRNA；利用RT-PCR的方法进行体外扩增，获得C-型凝集素蛋白的基因，克隆到pMD18-T载体中。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。