提取

Wastewater containing titanium pigment was treated by microfiltration membrane, Nanometer titanium can be purified and concentrated by use of microfiltration. Operational conditions were optimized and the model was built. Finally, the amount of wash water was reduced. Based on the above research, the whole set equipment was designed, which can meet the needs in a titanium industry with a capability of 500 ton per year. Backflush and automatic control were used in the equipment, which has been steadily run two years, has been widely adopted in titanium industry. The technology has been widely adopted in titanium industry.In the recent years, whole set equipment of ceramic membrane was increasingly used in the recovery of desired production from fermentation broth in China. A new membrane process integrated with pretreatment of flocculation or coagulation was exploited to recover Inosine. ZrO2 ceramic membrane was used in the work, and the average permeation flux could reach 150L/m2.h under pH value of 3, transmembrane pressure 0.1MPa, CFV 3m/s, and temperature higher than 70C. The recovery ratio of inosine is higher than traditional recovery method, although inosine degraded under acidic and high temperature condition.

实验表明，ZrO_2膜处理肌苷发酵液的合适条件为pH=3、操作压力为0.1MPa、膜面流速3m／s、温度大于70度，此时可以获得平均渗透通量150L／m~2h，但由于酸性条件、高温下肌苷降解，导致肌苷收率有所降低，但仍高于传统肌苷提取方法得到的收率；为进一步提高肌苷得率，缩短提取工序，实验研究了絮凝剂预处理发酵液，解决碱性条件下由于蛋白析出导致膜污染加重的问题，研究表明采用CaCl_2絮凝并调节pH=11，可以获得平均渗透通量为180L／m~2h，肌苷得率大于95％；比较了三种肌苷提取工艺得到的产品质量，采用预处理与陶瓷南京工业大学博士学位论文膜分离结合的除杂工艺得到的粗昔质量与陶瓷膜分离、离子交换及活性炭吸附工艺生产的粗普质量相当，均优于传统的提取工艺；设计了每小时处理12一巧吨肌普发酵液的陶瓷膜成套装置，采用部分内循环的方式降低设备的能耗，简化了肌昔提取方式，提高了产品的收率和得率，由于减少离子交换和活性炭吸附，使得工厂废水排放量降低30一40%，降低酸、碱用量，有利于环境保护。

The validities of amplitude features and their extraction method suitable in high-frequency SAR image are analyzed when they are used in UWB SAR image. An extraction approach of amplitude feature based on target contour is presented, and the corresponding effective amplitude features are proposed. The old dihedral angle model is analyzed and improved. The approach of azimuthal feature extraction is proposed based on the conclusion of the improved dihedral angle model. The problems, which appear when the common change detection methods are used to extract the change feature based on ROI, are analyzed. And a robust and feasible extraction approach is presented.

分析了适于高频SAR图像的幅度特征及其提取方法用于UWB SAR图像时的有效性，提出了基于目标轮廓的幅度特征提取方法及相应的适用幅度特征；分析了已有二面角模型在建模过程中存在的问题并进行了改进建模，基于改进二面角模型结论提出了方位向特征提取方法；分析了常用变化检测方法用于提取ROI变化特征时存在的问题，提出了一种稳健可行的变化特征提取方法。

For the determination of the chlorophyll in seawater, pigments of marine algae are extracted with 90 % acetone by the following three methods: 1 grinding in a homogenizer, 2 extracting by placing the samples in darkness for a period of time,and 3 using a sonic disintegrator.

本文讨论了用90％丙酮从海藻中提取叶绿素进行测定的三种提取方法(研磨法、浸泡提取法、超声波粉碎法)的最佳条件。并对三种提取方法的提取效率进行了比较。

The results showed as follows: 1 Extraction of gelsemium total alkaloids. Total alkaloids were extracted with 95 per cent ethanol. The extract rate was 0.519 per cent and the extract purity were 88.02 per cent and 87.38 per cent; Total alkaloids were extracted with chloroform .The extract rate was 0.416 per cent and the extract purity were 89.02 per cent and 94.52 per cent. 2 Isolation of gelsemium total alkaloids with TLC. Total alkaloids contained five or more alkaloids. The optimal developing agent was chloroform :methanol :ethyl acetate(9:l:0.3),the optimal eluent was methylene chloride:methanol(92:8). 3 Isolation of total alkaloids with column chromatography. Alkaloid A and alkaloid B were obtained, alkaloid B was identified as koumine.

研究结果如下：1、钩吻总碱的提取：用95％的乙醇提取钩吻生物碱提取率为0.519％，其提取物纯度为88.02％、87.35％；用氯仿提取钩吻生物碱提取率为0.416％，其提取物纯度为89.02％、94.52％。2、钩吻总碱的薄层层析分离：总碱中含有5种或5种已上的生物碱；氯仿：甲醇：乙酸乙酯(9：1：0.3)是最佳薄层层析的展开剂；二氯甲烷：甲醇(92：8)是柱层析的最佳洗脱剂。3、钩吻总碱的柱层析分离：共得到两种钩吻生物碱单体成分碱A和碱B，碱B为钩吻素子，碱A可能是钩吻素甲。4、钩吻总碱的急性毒性试验：钩吻总碱小鼠腹腔注射的半数致死量LD_(50是：7.38mg／kg，95％的可信限范围为：6.67mg／kg～7.94mg／kg。

The results are as follows:Defatted wheat germ was micronized useing both hammer mill and colloid mill to increase the extraction rate of protein, followed by alkali extraction and ultrafiltration, respectively. A quadratic mathematical model was statistically constructed by using of Box-Behnken central composite design and response surface methodology. Under the optimized processing parameters of 23μm particle sizes, pH 9.5 and 51℃, a maximum extraction rate, 68.6%, was achieved, which is 30.63% higher than that of non- micronized wheat germ (passing through 80 mesh sieve).

首先采用锤式粉碎与胶体粉碎相结合的方法对脱脂麦胚进行微细化处理，然后利用碱提、超滤浓缩法提取制备麦胚蛋白，并通过Box-Behnken中心组合设计及响应面分析建立预测麦胚蛋白提取率的二次多项数学模型，优化蛋白质的提取工艺，在麦胚粒度为23μm、pH值9.5、提取温度51℃的条件下，经微细化处理的蛋白提取率为68.6％，比未经微细化处理的(过80目筛)提高30.63％。2。

To optimize inulin extraction,various combinations of time, temperature,and solvent:solid ratio were used.

以等外牛蒡根为原料，通过响应面分析优化了牛蒡菊糖的提取工艺，确定了菊糖提取的最佳工艺条件，即：提取温度80℃，提取时间114min，固液比1：15，连续提取两次。

The method of pH controlled homogenate extraction of carnosic acid in Rosmarinus officinalis was studied, and the optimum technology parameters were found as following: Homogenate once for 4 min with 80% ethanol (adjusted pH=3.0 with HCl) at a ratio of solid to liquid 1:12.

采用pH控制匀浆法从迷迭香枝叶中提取鼠尾草酸，研究了提取过程中不同影响因子对提取效果的影响。确定的匀浆提取优化条件为：以盐酸调节pH=3.0的80%乙醇为提取溶剂，料液比1：12，匀浆4min，匀浆提取1次。

Different methods were used to extract capsaicinoids from the dry chilli pepper.

以干红辣椒皮籽为原料，采用有机溶剂提取辣椒素，研究了索氏提取、微波提取和超声波提取3种方法对提取率和提取效率的影响。

Extract of total flavonoids was purified with macroeticular resins. Different kinds of resins were applied to inspect the static and dynamic adsorption ability,to optimize the concentration,volume and flow rate of eluant.

对葛根总黄酮的提取纯化工艺进行了研究，考察不同乙醇浓度，溶媒倍量，提取时间、提取次数和提取温度对总黄酮转移率和纯度的影响，建立了四因素三水平的正交试验，最终确立了最佳的提取工艺为：10倍量70%乙醇加热回流提取2次，每次2小时。

Effects of different extraction modes, extraction time, pressure and temperature on the extraction yield of onion essential oil and sulphur concentration were investigated,and the different extraction solvents and extraction times were researched in liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The optimal conditions of extraction of onion essential oil with subcritical water were static extraction, 100~150℃sequential program temperature increasing extraction for 30min, 5MPa, petroleum ether as extraction solvent for two times.

考察了提取方式、提取时间、温度、压力对洋葱精油的提取得率及含硫化合物浓度的影响，并对液液萃取中溶剂的种类和萃取次数进行了研究，得到了洋葱精油的亚临界水提取最佳工艺：静态提取、提取时间30 min，压力5 MPa，100～150 ℃的连续程序升温，石油醚为萃取溶剂，萃取2次。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。