提取

First scanning the known handwriting materials then number them ,In pretreatment, we convert the valid part of the image into a standard size, as images carries out duotone and go throw off chirp handling in order to achieve better effect.draw features from the known handwriting materials with the Co-occurence,especially,we divided a copy of handwriting into 25 little pieces with the size of 128*128 ,drawing features from every little piecese with four directions(0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees as well as 135 degrees) and calculate the four major feature values( veins and the statistical quantity of veins contrast and the statistical quantity of veins consistency Shang the statistical quantity of statistical quantity as well as the veins correlation of gray scale ), preservation all the feature value that drawn from all known ma terials to the handwriting characteristic database,then input the unknown handwriting materials, also using the method of the Co-occurence to draw those features, recycling the minimum European Distance law match the unknown writing material feature value with the handwriting characteristic feature database, export the label of the known hand writing materials which is most similar to the unknown material with minimum European Distance, and then we can confirm who is the author of the unknown material.

首先将笔迹材料作为图象扫描输入，并对其进行编号。预处理部分可将笔迹图象的有效部分规范化到一个统一尺寸，接着对其进行二值化和去除噪声的处理，以便于更好的提取图像的特征。在此我们采用了灰度共生矩阵法提取手写笔迹材料的纹理特征，与以往有所不同的是，我们将一份手写材料分割成64块大小为80*80象素的子图象，每个小块都从四个方向（0度、45度、90度以及135度）来更全面的提取特征，并计算出四个最主要的特征值（纹理一致性的统计量、纹理反差的统计量、纹理熵的统计量以及纹理灰度相关性的统计量），将从所有已知材料提取的特征值保存到纹理特征库中，对于待检手写材料，同样采用灰度共生矩阵的方法提取其纹理特征，再利用最小欧氏距离分类法将从待检手写材料中提取的特征值与纹理特征库中的特征值进行比对，与欧氏距离比对值最小的相匹配，输出匹配成功的原材料的标号，进而识别出待检材料书写者的身份。

Methods:The orthogonal design was used and menstruum capacity,extraction time and refluxing time were defined as factors of the design.

以多糖提取率、提取浸膏得率为指标，采用单因素考察提取溶媒，以溶媒量、提取次数和提取时间为考察因素，采用正交设计法优化提取工艺。

Methods:The most appropriate technology was screened based on the comparative study among the technology of ethanol circumfluence,ultrasonic extraction,water warm immersion and water decoction,with the concentration of menstruum, volume and extracting time as the evaluating factors,on the basis of orthogonal design.

对比乙醇回流、温浸、超声及水煎等提取工艺，以溶媒浓度、用量、提取时间为研究因素，经正交设计进行提取工艺条件的优选。结果：最佳提取工艺路线为10倍量75%乙醇回流提取1次，提取时间为1.5 h。

ResultsThe optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharide was 150 minutes, 90℃ and 1∶50 of the ratio of dosage liquor,5 pots in the pot groups dynamic refluence.

方法通过单罐单因素实验，正交设计分析提取时间、提取温度和料液比对蛹虫草多糖提取的影响；设计罐组式动态逆流提取装置，重点探讨料液比和提取级数对多糖提取得率的影响。

MethodsEffects of extraction time , temperature and ratio of dosage liquor and number of pots on generation of polysaccharide was studied in single factor test, orthogonal design. ResultsThe optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharide was 150 minutes, 90℃ and 1∶50 of the ratio of dosage liquor,5 pots in the pot groups dynamic refluence.

方法通过单罐单因素实验，正交设计分析提取时间、提取温度和料液比对蛹虫草多糖提取的影响；设计罐组式动态逆流提取装置，重点探讨料液比和提取级数对多糖提取得率的影响。

The four different ways of circumfluence extraction, ultrasonic extraction, soakage extraction and percolation extraction were compared.

以士的宁和马钱子碱为定量指标，运用高效液相色谱法，比较马钱子回流提取、超声提取、浸渍提取、渗漉提取等不同提取方法的提取率。

S extract had an inhibition effect against Sphaerotheca fuligenea,The inhibition rate was 100% when extract concentration was 20mg/mL and the inhibition rate got to 67.66% even at the concentration of 2.5mg/mL. The extract of E. humifusa had different preventive effects against four strains of S. fuliginea from four districts in Shanghai. The preventive effects on the Qibao and Baoshan were better than those of Nanhui and Qingpu. The microorganism inhibition experiment by filter papers indicated that the extract of E. humifusa had higher inhibition effect against bacteria than on pathogenic fungus. Diameters of the zone of inhibition of salmonellas, Echerichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 15.77mm, 12.27mm and 10.53mm respectively. The extract of E. humifusa had a certain effect against Colletotrichum lagenarium, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctomia solan and Pyricularia oryza but no effect against Helminthosporium maydis and Gibberella zea. The 4 cation exchange resins and ethanol deposition were used to isolate the active fractions from supernate after alkali deposition.

提取液对黄瓜白粉病菌体外分生孢子萌发抑制实验表明地锦提取液对黄瓜白粉病菌分生孢子的萌发有很好的抑制作用，抑制率随着地锦提取液浓度的增大而增高，当浓度为20mg/mL时，抑制率达到100%，即使在浓度为2.5mg/mL时，抑制率也达到了67.66%；室内盆栽苗期预防性实验表明了地锦提取液对上海4个不同地区的黄瓜白粉病菌均具有不同程度的抑制效果，对七宝和宝山地区的菌株抑制效果优于南汇和青浦地区的菌株；用滤纸片法测定了地锦提取液的抑菌谱，实验结果表明地锦提取液对供试的4种植物病原真菌：黄瓜炭疽病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌均具有一定的抑制效果，而对玉米小斑病菌和小麦赤霉病菌没有抑制效果，对供试的3种人类致病细菌沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有很好抑菌效果，抑菌圈直径分别为：15.77mm， 12.27mm和10.53mm。

The results indicated that the water or 50% ethanol extracts from peonies petals could reduce light absorption of DPPH and OH initiated hydroxylation of salicylate, and inhibit O2(superscript -) mediated light chemical reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium effectively, and lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty from yolk lipoprotein, in which DPPH scavenging activities of 6 peonies water extracts were hinger than that of 200 μg/mL BHT, but lower than 80 μg/mL Vc. In 4 kinds of detecting systems of antioxidation, the peroxidation activity of deep colored flowers of peonies was higher than that of light colored flowers of peonies.

牡丹花瓣提取液能明显抑制卵黄组织匀浆的脂质过氧化作用，降低DPPH的吸光值、抑制O2介导的NBT光化学还原及OH作用下的水杨酸羟基化作用，其中牡丹花瓣提取液清除DPPH自由基的活性高于200μg/mL BHT，但低于80μg/mL Vc.6个品种的牡丹花瓣提取液，在4种测定系统中均具有一定程度的抗氧化能力，且水提取液的抗氧化活性略高于体积分数50%乙醇提取液，深色花瓣提取液对不同自由基的清除能力较强。

This subject is the first time comes from the point of cosmetic application,which conducts a comprehensive,integrated research and development and utilization of the Malpighia glabra extract of freeze-dried powder,and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the Malpighia glabra resources and the industrial development of its effective products.

本课题以西印度樱桃冻干粉为研究对象，研究了西印度樱桃冻干粉的提取工艺，确定最佳料液比、提取时间、温度、提取液中主要成分，并对提取液进行脱盐处理；对提取液的抗氧化功效、美白功效以及刺激性进行了研究；并最终形成提取液中还原型维生素C相对稳定体系。

Secondly, we established the method of HPLC to determine the content of liensinine in order to control the quality of phenol total base of plumula nelumbinis. With the method we compared three different solvent extraction, and the result showed alcohol-acid water-organic solvent was the best solvent extraction.

使用HPLC法对莲子心酚性总碱中的莲心碱进行质量控制，对三种莲子心酚性总碱的提取方法进行了对比，通过三种溶剂法对莲子心总碱进行提取的实验，结果表明，醇一酸水一有机溶剂提取法提取效率最高，总碱提取率达11.25%，莲心碱提取率为1.20%，此方法操作简便，溶媒易得。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。