提出要求

With high-speed development of modem science and technology ,global altitude for selecting managements mode in guidance of strategic management and continuously makes suitable adjustment accounting to the environments so as to coordinate and balance the enterprises against environment and acquire whole competition superiority of the enterprises.

随着现代科技的高速发展，全球性竞争加剧，企业不得不站在全球高度，选择以战略管理为导向的管理模式，不断根据环境做出适当调整，以谋求企业与环境的协调与均衡，从而获取整体竞争优势。战略管理对传统管理会计提出了挑战，迫切要求传统管理会计更新观念，尤其是对战略决策信息的提供，要求提供更为广泛、更有用的与战略管理相关的信息。

Example through word of mouth, and so on, imperceptibly inherited the family's老规矩and customs, and family meals together teachers, grandmother always require some teachers to the children,"admonitory talk", and in accordance with social fashion to the children and make new requests to see the phenomenon of bad guidance to go, let the children know what to do, what not to do, and conducted education in the eating.

通过口传身教，耳濡目染，潜移默化地继承了家族中的老规矩和礼俗，在与家庭教师共同用餐时，祖母总是要求几位教师给孩子"训话"，并根据社会时尚向孩子们提出新的要求，看到不好的现象就去指点一下，让孩子们知道要做什么、不能做什么，寓教于吃中。

Normally, children should be the reasonable demands put forth the initiative to be met, unreasonable demands firm can not meet, nor how firms behave atrociously, so that children understand: everything must be reasonable, unreasonable step.

平时，对孩子提出的合理要求应主动地给予满足，不合理的要求坚决不能满足，怎么撒野也不行，让孩子明白：凡事必须讲道理，无理寸步难行。

In view of the realities in the small-scale plywood and blockboard enterprises, concrete requirements and measures for improving manufacture technologies and techniques are recommended for these enterprises to produce qualified products meeting the requirements of National Standards.

针对小型胶合板、细木工板生产企业的实际情况，从制造工艺技术方面提出具体要求与措施，以生产出质量符合国家标准要求的产品。

To erase the bootless power dissipation of the redundant transition of the clock, a design method named DET (double-edge-triggered) flip-flop using CMOS transmission gate is proposed. The directly pre-set terminals are increased in the design to meet the requirement for practical application.

本文从消除时钟信号冗余跳变而致的无效功耗的要求出发，提出一种基于CMOS传输门的双边沿触发器设计，并设置了它的直接预置控制端以使达到实用的要求。

Average agreement or bond and such additional security, as may be required by the Carrier, must be furnished before delivery of the goods such cash deposit as the Carrier or his agents may deem sufficient as additional security for the contribution of the goods and for any salvage and special charges thereon, shall, if required, be made by the goods, shippers, consignees or owners of the goods to the Carrier before delivery.

海损合约或保证书，以及承运人可能要求的额外担保必须在交货之前提交。承运人或其代理人可能要求的作为货物分摊和作为任何救助和特殊费用的现金担保，一经提出，必须在交货之前由货物、发货人、收货人或货主提交给承运人。

So, the study in this dissertation focuses on some key points in theuncertainty treatment of mobile robot localization as follows: Combined with the multiple proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors ofmobile robot MORCS-1, aimed at the drift error of fiber optic gyro as theproprioceptive sensor, the neural network using genetic algorithm as optimaltool is proposed to accomplish the modeling and calibration for temperaturedrift of fiber optic gyro, which can reduce the drift error to the standard outputat constant temperature; and aimed at the noisy disturbance of ranging datafrom the exteroceptive sensor laser scanner, a dynamic adaptive filter isintroduced through the analysis of neighboring ranging data in time and spatialcorrelation to realize the real-time and dynamic filter, which can validly filter the noisy disturbance to meet the requirement of the accurately real-timeobstacle detection in mobile robot navigation.

总结全文，在移动机器人定位的不确定性处理研究中，提出了一些具有一定创新性的方法：结合自行研制的移动机器人MORCS-1系统的多种内外部定位传感器，针对内部本体感受传感器光纤陀螺仪的漂移误差，提出采用基于遗传算法优化的神经网络来对光纤陀螺仪的温漂建模及校准，能够将其温漂变化控制在恒温条件下标准测试输出附近；针对外部环境感知传感器激光雷达测距数据中包含的噪声干扰，考虑移动机器人导航中激光雷达测距数据的时空关联性，提出采用动态自适应滤波技术进行预处理，从而可以有效滤除噪声干扰满足导航中障碍实时精确检测的要求。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Combining with the practice of curriculum setting in our primary command vocational education academy at moment, according to the guidance, course and policy of vocational education from headquarters at high level, theory of education target assorting, principle of Thaler, degree theory, category and sequence, means of differentiation and plan are applied comprehensively, and the principle of curriculum setting and curriculum system structure in primary command vocational education academy are pointed out, and the target of vocational education in primary command academy, the principle , contents and methods of curriculum target setting are circumstantiated through investigation and consultation, theoretic analysis and general comparison; the process of curriculum setting in primary command vocational education academy is defined; the curriculum system of vocational education in primary command academy is devised innovatively; with regard to the implementation and optimization of curriculum in military primary command academy, general requirements and basic principles and standards are proposed after pointing out the influencing factors and implementation process.

通过调查咨询、理论分析研究、综合对照比较，结合当前我军初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的实际，以军委总部关于任职教育的指导思想、方针和政策为政策依据，综合运用了教育目标分类理论、泰勒原理、学历论、范畴与序列、分化与统整等原理和方法，确立了军队初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的原则；具体设想了适应军队初级指挥院校任职教育的课程体系架构，说明了初级指挥院校任职教育目标与课程目标确立的原则、内容和方法；阐述了初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的程序；创新提出了初级指挥院校任职教育模块式的课程体系方案，并具体研究提出了合训分流学员的教育内容设置；就军队初级指挥院校任职教育课程实施，分析了影响因素，提出了总体要求，探讨了课程实施过程中主要环节的质量控制。

Combining with the state of our research, the control strategy of the electronically controlled diesel engine and the design method of ECU have been put forward. All of these include determining control function, compartmentalizing the sub-functions, defining key of control links and control scheme have been brought forward. The control logic has been designed to meet the requirements of the control function of fuel injection and gas exchange system. The criterion of speed stable state has been proposed in this paper.

结合本课题的研究状况提出了电控柴油机的控制策略和电控单元的设计方案，包括控制功能的确定、子功能块划分、关键控制环节的确定，提出了两套控制方案，设计了控制逻辑以满足喷油、配气系统的控制功能要求，并提出了转速稳定状态的判据。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。