提出

In order to apply virtual reality technique into medical image processing, make convenient for surgeons to access virtual and mini invasive surgery, this paper, presents a full interactive virtual endoscopy system framework, analyzing and discussing system architecture and algorithm models. We explain some key procedures in virtual endoscopy system such as definition of world coordinate, virtual camera, surface detection, normal approximation, volume rendering and surface rendering, and also some interactive control method.

在综合利用各种计算机图形、图象技术的基础上，提出了完整的交互式虚拟内窥镜系统的框架，同时对系统结构和各种模型进行了分析和讨论，还针对系统的实时性和绘制结果的逼真性要求，提出了基于 Object Cache和扩展的区域增长方法，并将其应用到医学图象处理当中，得到了较好的效果。

In connection with the application of concrete-filled steel tubular column in the engineering practice in this country at present,a new fashioned connection in framed structure of concrete-filled square steel tubular column with reinforced concrete beam was proposed,being a connection of concrete beam with non-through hidden steel corbel steel tubular column filled with concrete.

结合我国现行钢管混凝土柱在实际工程中的应用状况，提出了用于方钢管混凝土柱-钢筋混凝土梁框架结构的新型连接节点形式非穿心暗钢牛腿方钢管混凝土柱与混凝土梁节点，采用了X型加载试验方案，制作了1∶3的试验模型，进行了低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究，得到了相关的钢筋应力应变发展规律和相应的滞回曲线，通过对试验结果节点破坏的机理分析，提出了进一步的改进措施。

Describing the problem of two dimension fuzzy decision existed in the engineering, the concepts of core set and support set are proposed. Using feasible set to constitute corelation between two sets, determinant theorem is presented to judge if the decision can be realized according to the feasible degree.

描述了工程中存在的二维模糊决策问题，提出了决策的核心集和支撑集的概念，用可行集建立了两个集合间的关联，提出以决策的可行度作为决策能否实现的判定定理。

These issues and problems make the corporational groups lose control of their finance and the disappearances of national assets arise repeatedly.

本文根据企业集团财务控制的相关概念和理论基础，对企业集团财务控制的概念及特点进行了系统剖析，力图构建一个企业集团财务控制理论体系的基本框架；从S高速集团财务控制的现状出发，依据提出的财务控制的理论，对S高速集团财务控制问题进行系统的研究，重点从完善母子公司治理结构、强化预算控制、集中控制集团资金、委派独立财务总监、加强内部审计、完善内部信息制度等八个方面提出了相应的对策。S高速集团是我国特大型国有独资企业，集团资产规模位居省管企业第一名，列2006年度"中国最大500家企业"第314位，本文选择S高速集团财务控制问题作为研究对象，具有一定代表意义。

In chapter 5,a knowledge-based correction term for the objective function of parameter estimation is proposed.The relationship between the function extreme points of state estimatin and parameter estimation is deduced.A strategy of projecting the parameter objective function from the augmented solution space to the parameter space is proposed and proved.

第五章分析了电力系统状态估计和参数估计的理论依据并指出传统解法的不足，提出基于经验知识的参数估计目标函数修正项，推导了状态估计和参数估计目标函数极值点的关系，由此提出并证明了新的基于垂直投影的估计策略。

A knowledge-based correction term in the objective function is proposed. The relationship between state estimatin and parameter estimation is analyzed. A strategy of projecting the objective function from the augmented solution space to the parameter space is proposed and proved.

该文提出基于经验知识的参数估计目标函数修正项，导出状态估计与参数估计目标函数极值的关系，由此提出将目标函数从增广解空间垂直投影到参数空间的估计策略，并指出参数估计偏差的成因。

The main environment geological question is: The earth"s crust where the faultage and earthquake are active is unstable; collapse , landslide, mud-rock flow and soil erosion ; The underground karst subsides, seepage question; Basic rock expand, expend and compress soil body, the salt deposit corrode out of shape and groundwater"s corrodent harm; The soft soil question of basin; The soft rock body, cracked rock and the weathering rock are relatively poor stability; High and cold regional highways and railways" frozen soils freeze and melt calamity problem; The around rock of tunnel are unstable because of the coal seam gas, spring water, underground developed area; Project cutting slopes, constructed abandon soil and reservoir, lake"s ecology geological environmental protection issue; Thedangerous shoal of the channel % submerged reef question; The problem of rebuilding channel project and dock etc.; And the problem of unstable ground and groundwater corrosivity during building airport; At the same time, with the international big pathways" implementation and completions of constructions, adjusting the cities and counties" constructions , the crowd occupy changing , the cultivated land distribute changing and the adjustments of structure, will cause local environmental geological issues outstanding; According to multiple statistical analysis , value calculate and integrated appraise result, in the northwest and southwest of Yunnan, the traffic relatively low density, traffic engineering is relatively weak impact on environment, It is the area where a environme

主要的环境地质问题是：活动性断裂、地震带的地壳不稳定；崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及水土流失；地下岩溶塌陷、渗漏问题；基础岩体膨胀、胀缩土体、含盐层侵蚀变形和地下水的腐蚀危害；盆地软土问题；软弱岩体、碎裂、风化岩体稳定性较差；高寒地带公路、铁路建设的冻土冻融灾害问题；煤层瓦斯、涌水、地下采空区等隧道围岩不稳定问题；工程切坡、施工弃土及水库、湖泊生态地质环境保护问题；航道险滩、暗礁问题；渠化工程、码头等库岸再造问题；以及机场建设中的不稳定地基及地下水腐蚀性问题；同时，随着大通道建设的实施和完成，城镇建设的调整、人群居落的变化和耕地分布及结构的调整组合，都可能造成局部环境地质问题的突出等等。经多元统计分析数值计算、综合评价结果，滇西北、滇西南地区交通密度较低，交通工程对环境的影响程度较弱，是环境地质状况好的区域；有主要高原湖泊分布区的，包括昆明、个旧、文山的滇东南区域，环境地质状况较好；大姚、楚雄、篙明及会泽、昭通一镇雄的区域，即滇中北部中生界红层和滇东北岩溶区，环境地质状况中等；而包括保山、德宏、大理、临沧的滇西地区及景东一墨江以东、双柏一石屏一河口以西及东川一寻甸一曲靖地段的滇中一滇东地区，环境地质状况较差。云南国际大通道建设涉及全省区域，如何利用地质环境、实现可持续发展，就必须依赖于国际大通道建设与地质环境之间良性关系的建立。应本着对区域地质环境客观存在的科学认识原则、建设过程中环境效益优先的可持续发展原则、法制性原则、对大通道建设中环境地质的因地制宜及其可防治性原则。并且从组织管理、不同类型大通道、不同环境地质问题类型等方面，提出了对策措施。最后，提出了建立国际大通道建设与环境地质良性关系的宏观建议。

In this paper the equal increamental benefit-cost ratio method is presented for cost allocation of mulipurpose water resources projects.

本文提出的等增量益本比投资费用分摊法，是结合综合利用水利枢纽参数优化而提出的。

A decision-making method based on the capacity loss and cost information is presented. A new variance breakdown method according to the multistage ABC calculating model is provided, and a new variance called cost driver variance is defined.

提出了基于作业的能力模型，给出了单一作业以及整个核算系统的能力损失计算方法，并提出了基于能力损失信息和成本信息的价格决策方法。

Firstly, it studies the relationships among cost, price, sales quantity and profit, and gives a optimal allocation model of indirect fixed cost and its calculating method for the firms using cost-plus pricing,. Secondly, it studies systematization of cost flow control technology and embedded it into MRP-Ⅱ. Then the model of integrating cost flow control and material flow control is presented.

本文一方面研究了成本—价格—销售量—利润之间的关系，为采用成本加成定价法的企业提出了一种间接固定成本在不同产品上的优化分摊模型，并给出了计算方法；另一方面将成本流控制技术系统化，并将其有机地嵌入MRP-Ⅱ系统中，提出了将成本流控制与物流控制有机集成的管理模式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。