提出

The system of Schrder is actually practised by the Grand Lodge of Hamburg, and a modified system (Schrder-Fessler) by the Grand Lodge Royal York and most lodges of the Grand Lodge of Bayreuth and Dresden.

该系统的施罗德，其实是实行由大向汉堡，并改良系统（施罗德- fessler ）由大向皇家纽约和最提出的宏伟提出的拜罗伊特和德累斯顿。

Took Chongqing Gong-he tunnel as an engineering example and studied the failure mechanism of surrounding rock and the correlation with bolt support system by using the methods of theoretical analysis, modeling test, numerical simulation and in situ test, some helpful conclusions were arrived as follows.Firstly, a new failure criterion for transversely isotropic rock mass was proposed with consideration of bedding plane orientation and major principal stress, and the corresponding algorithm, arrived through VC++6.0, can be easily embedded into the software FLAC3D for the geotechnical calculation.

论文在国家自然科学基金专项基金创新群体基金项目(No.50621403)以及国家自然科学基金重点项目"隧道与地下空间工程结构物的稳定性与可靠性(No.50334060)"的资助下，以共和隧道为示范工程，运用理论分析、物理模型实验、数值模拟和现场测试等手段，对共和隧道大埋深段层状岩体的围岩变形破坏机理、锚杆支护力学效应及围岩-支护结构的变形特征等内容进行了研究，其主要研究成果有：①在总结和探讨国内外学者提出的层状岩体经验型连续介质破坏准则基础上，结合层状岩体力学特性，考虑层面方向和最大主应力方向两个影响因素，提出了共和隧道层状岩体横观各向同性破坏准则；采用汇编语言VC++6.0实现了横观各向同性弹塑性本构关系的算法，并嵌入FLAC3D有限差分数值分析软件接口中实现数值运算。

It measures accurately the peak value of the bell-like optoelectronic pulse signal come from coordinator gyro rotor ,which is used for the time standard in phase measurement.

提出了一种新的相位测量方法，该方法准确检测了从位标器陀螺仪输出的钟形光电脉冲信号峰值点的位置，并以其为时间基准点进行相位测量，同时判断被测两信号之间的时间间隔以及超前、滞后关系，同时针对在现场中的干扰因素，提出了相应的解决措施。

Not only some economists' standpoint that the arrangement of the property rights is the nature of corporate governance, but also other economists' ones that they pay more attention to the design and enforcement of corporate governance mechanisms. The division hypothesis of corporate governance would conduceto comprehensive knowledge of corporate governance. Second, this thesis formalizes the ideas "the optimal shareholder structure of a firm is endogenously determined" proposed by Demsetz (1983) in a simple framework, which constitute the new rationale against the proposition "the more concentrated theshare, the more efficient the firm is" by Berle and means.

公司治理的分层假说将有助于我们形成对公司治理内涵全面的认识；（2）本文在一个简单的框架下形式化了Demsetz（1983）提出的最优股权结构内生决定的思想，为反驳Berle和means（1932）提出的"股权高度集中，企业的价值将最大"的命题提供了新的理论依据；（3）我们证明，公司治理机制的"整合"对降低投资者之间的利益冲突所导致的"第二类代理成本"具有重要作用。

With respect to phonetics, Distinctive Features for the phonetic syncopation of spatial information are extracted based on Bertin's retinal variables. The importance of geographic reality, cognitive laws and geometric laws in the syncopation is pointed out following the thorough inspection of the physical characteristics of spatial information and a phonetic hierarchy of phoneme、 phoneme combination is proposed after the summarization of different methods of syncopation in Psychology, Pattern Recognition, Mathematic Morphology and Cartography, which provides linguistic interpretation for cartographic symbol design and understanding. With respect to the property that map symbol is represented as the combination of attribute and geometry in digital form of spatial information, suprasegmental phoneme as unit is proposed which deals with the high level phonetic units and their structure with the bend of curve and the simple area of complex area as primitive.

在语音结构方面，基于Bertin的视觉变量，提取了产生空间信息语音切分的区别特征；对空间信息的物理特征进行了详尽分析，指出了地理真实、认知规律和几何规律在语音切分中的重要作用；在总结心理学、模式识别、数学形态学和地图学等相关切分理论的基础上，提出了空间信息音位系统以及音位组合规律，为地图符号设计与理解提供了语言学解释；针对地图符号通常在空间信息中表现为属性和形态相结合的特点，提出在超音段音位层次上重点关注以线切分单元——弯曲和复杂面切分单元——弯曲构成的简单面为基本元素的语音高级层次及其结构。

This dissertation has also developed an algorithm for computing Bessel function of high order, which improves the efficiency of the FMM greatly.

同时论文还提出了高阶Bessel函数一个快速算法，这个算法的提出大大提高了FMM的计算效率。论文分析了MEI方法和其它吸收边界条件的思想。

First, it raises the prospect that the immemorial split on nuclear weapons between the old Labour right—embodied by Ernest Bevin, the post-war foreign secretary who was so keen to get a bomb "with the bloody Union Jack on top of it"—and the party's peaceniks, whose policy of unilateral disarmament contributed to Labour's unpopularity in the 1980s, may be revived in opposition.

第一个，它可能会带来工党内部对于核武器问题的分歧，以前工党曾经由战后外交大臣Ernest Bevin正面提出倾向于获得"让该死的英国国旗覆盖着"的原子弹，而他们的单边裁军政策导致了工党在80年代的失去执政的党内的反战分子们可能会反对Ernest Bevin所提出的关于获得原子弹的论调。

On the basis of diagnosis and measure of multicollinearity,a new biased estimator of unknown parameters called partial ridgeestimator is proposed for Gauss-Markov model.Its properties are discussed,and some important conclusions are drawn.The determination of biased parameter in the PR estimator is discussed too.

基于复共线性诊断和度量的结果，提出了测量平差Gauss-Markov模型参数的一个新的有偏估计，称为基于复共线性诊断和度量的部分岭估计，讨论了部分岭估计的优良性质，提出了岭参数的选取方法。

It is related to the variational inequality problem, bilinear programming, nonlinear equation. So there is actual meaning and theories value to study how to solve it.In recent years, many algorithms for solving the generalized linear complementarity problem are put forward. But they basically belong to the traditional iterative methods, and may not be efficient since the computing time required for a solution is greatly dependent on the dimension, structure of the problem and the complexity of the algorithm used. Different from the traditional algorithms, the neural network has many advantages on calculations and real-time applications for its inherent massive parallelism and electric circuit implementation.

近年来，人们对广义线性互补问题提出了许多算法，但这些方法基本上属于传统的迭代法，由于它们的计算时间极大地依赖于问题的规模、维数以及所使用的算法，因此很难满足实时并行的要求，与传统数值方法不同，由于内在的并行分布处理信息的特点及电路实现的潜能，神经网络有着许多计算上的优势和实时性的应用，自Hopfield提出著名的人工神经网络模型-Hopfield神经网络，并将其成功应用于优化问题后，用神经网络求解优化问题得到了相当深入的研究，并取得了许多重要的成果。

We proposed the simplest structure of 2-D bilinear transformation digital circuit, we proposed four approaches of the realizations:(1) Realization of 2-D discrete domain difference equations;(2) 2-D FFT realization;(3) Digital hardware implementation;(4) by 2-D recursive digital structure to realize them.

在第七章，我们则重点研究了二维数字滤波器的实现问题。我们对第六章提出的2-D双线性变换电路又作了进一步的简化，获得了一种最简结构的二维双线性变换数字电路，该电路仅有二个延时器和一个乘法器。在第七章里，我们提出了二维跳耦型数字滤波器的四种实现方法：(1)二维时域差分方程实现；(2)二维FFT实现；(3)数字硬件实现，(4)用2-D递归数字结构实现。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。