提出...来竞争

To sum up, in order to improve 'problem solving ability', blended Problem-Based Learning Model could be adopted, raising suitable learning models according to corresponding learning styles: Accommodator is suitable for team learning, in-group discussion platform and blog learning platform: Diverger is suitable for individual competition, guided online course, blog learning platform and Vodcast learning tool: Converger is suitable for competition, experts' forum, scenario guidance and in-group discussion platform: Assimilator is suitable for learning through Vodcast and Podcast learning tool.

最后，提出若要提升「问题解决能力」，可利用混成式问题导向学习模式；分别针对各学习风格提出适合的学习模式，适应者适合合作学习、群组讨论平台及Blog学习平台，发散者适合个别竞争、老师引导式线上课程、Blog学习平台及Vodcast学习工具，收敛者适合竞争、专家社群、情境式引导及群组讨论平台，同化者适合Vodcast及Podcast此两种学习工具来学习。

The research indicates the Chinese tungsten industry management condition turns better continuously, the performance level raises year by year, the profits is swimming from downstream to upwards tungsten mineral mountains But the index number of Lerner makes know that the Chinese tungsten industry still competes too heavy over a long period of time.(6) On the base of above analysis, this paper puts forward that the target mode of Chinese tungsten industry market structure development is oligopoly, the goal of production structure optimization is to develop high worthy affixture production, so make tungsten industry profits distributes in value link of the mining and mill run, smelt, deeply process.

研究表明，中国钨产业运营状况的不断好转，绩效水平逐年提高，利润正从下游逐渐往上游钨矿山倾斜；但勒纳指数表明，中国钨产业还长期处于过渡竞争状态。6、基于以上分析，提出中国钨产业市场结构发展的目标模式是实现有效竞争的市场格局；产品结构的优化目标是大力发展高附加值的钨产品，使钨产业链各环节的利润按硬质合金、钨矿山和冶炼次序来分布。

Chapter 1 generally describes domestic and foreign situation of the sports industry. Chapter 2 studies the background and significance of China's Sports Derivatives Industry, and its relations between 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the development of sports derivatives. Chapter 3, from the viewpoint of commercialization of sports development strategy, mainly analyzes the current situation and problems in the sports lottery industry and proposes the idea of " state lottery by state" and the establishment of a new operating system of sports lottery to raise the creditability and sportsmanship of sports lotteries, and the sports media industry should develop in the direction of the commercialization and the market and a competition mechanism and the mode of operation of business should be introduced into the media. Chapter 4 explains the status of the Sporting Goods Industry, analyzes the impact of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on the industry and explores the Sporting Goods Industry Development Strategy. Chapter 5 analyzes the current situation of China's sports brokage, studies the four major sports effect from the viewpoint of economics and proposes development strategies of China's sports brokage.

第1章对体育衍生产业的国内外情况加以综述；第2章研究我国体育衍生产业的背景与意义以及北京2008奥运会与体育衍生产业的发展关系；第3章从商品化的竞技体育发展战略切入，主要分析了体育博彩业与媒体业的现状与问题，提出体育彩票业应根据"国家的彩票国家办"的思想，建立新的彩票经营体制—国有彩票公司来经营体育彩票，加强体育彩票的体育性和提高其信誉度，体育媒体业应朝商业化与市场化方向发展，建议媒体应引入竞争机制和采用商业化的经营模式；第4章阐释了体育用品业现状问题，分析了北京2008奥运会对体育用品业的影响，探讨体育用品业的发展战略；第5章分析我国体育经纪业的现状与问题，从经济学的角度分析了体育经纪业的四大效应，提出体育经纪业的发展战略。

In 1962, Peter Drucker, the famous master of economics and management, presents definitely that logistics was the last area for decreasing cost in his paper Economy"s Dark Continent published in fortune. For 40 years, the concept of logistics was expanded continually and more and more attentions were paid on it. Especially from middle of 1980"s to this day, with the increase of economic globalization and development of the information technology, more and more enterprises go back to their main businesses, and pay their points on these businesses such as product development, manufacture, marketing, which are their core businesses and they are good at. These businesses embody the competitive advantages of the enterprises.

1962年著名经济管理学大师彼得·杜拉克在美国《财富》杂志上发表《经济的黑暗大陆》一文，首次明确地提出物流是节约成本的最后领域。40年来，物流的概念在不断地拓展，人们对物流管理越来越重视，特别是80年代中期至今，随着经济全球化竞争的加剧、信息技术的飞速发展，许多生产企业回归主业，将精力集中于产品开发、生产、销售等具有竞争优势的核心专长业务的呼声日益高涨，理论界和企业界已不再浅层次的探讨物流管理的重要性问题了，他们开始探讨物流管理的模式问题，即：究竟是自营物流业务，还是将物流业务外包给专门从事物流管理的企业去做。

Combined with (1)"The Five Competitive Forces analysis" proposed by Michel E, Porter (2)"Strategic matrix analysis" proposed by Dah-Hsian Seetoo,(3)"Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations" proposed by Ginter, Swayne and Duncan (1998), and (4)"The Nature of the Strategy" proposed by Se-Hwa Wu. This paper tries to combine these theoretical perspectives and highlights a normative model and it's details for industrial competitive analysis and strategy formulation. One side of academic aspect, we expect this model could generalize to apply to other industry as well as to health care industry. On the other side of practical aspect, we expect to offer CEO of hospital a more complete and fruitful framework for strategic and competitive analysis.

本文以国内外学者所提出不同观点的策略学说，应用於医疗产业分析，以往竞争策略架构的分析模式多引用Porter的五力分析，本文另从司徒达贤提出的策略矩阵分析法中之产业及策略分析构面来加以考量，加上Ginter，Swayne and Duncan(1998)之医疗管理分析模型及吴思华所提出的策略九说，使得在实务分析上更为完整，以期藉由此分析方式，提供医疗产业更丰富多元的思考模式。

Nalebuff and Brandenburger first mention co-opetition in theirs papers, includes using game theory to describe the phenomenon of two components: competition and cooperation.

合作竞争首次由Nalebuff和Brandenburger提出，并用博弈论来描述包含竞争与合作两个组成部分的现象。

Firstly, the paper, combining the characteristic of synchronous pulse bursts and inhibition with the modified PCNN model, presents a way of finding the foveation points in the images adaptively and effectively, and simulates the human vision system. Secondly, PCNN is extended to PCNNs, based on the properties of information couple and transmission, an algorithm that is used to fuse images of the same target got by several sensors to an image is presented to simulate the human vision system. Thirdly, combining the properties of synchronous pulse bursts, capture, and transmission and competition of waves, the paper presents two ways of classification, one is an algorithm based on the properties of neuron to capture and inhibit to classify the data taking on any complex unlinear distribution robustly, the other is based on the restricted distance and modified of the former to remove the influence of inferior samples in classification; Finally, based on the accumulative difference pictures, and the forming and transmission of PCNN wave, selecting and controlling the direction of autowave by connecting the neighbouring neurons selectively, the paper presents a way to simulate the tracks of moving object and detect the moving direction.

首先结合PCNN的同步脉冲发放和侧抑制特性，提出了基于改进型PCNN的图像凹点检测算法，该算法是一种自适应而有效的图像凹点检测方法，并且较好地仿真了人类视觉系统；然后，结合信息传递和信息耦合特性，将PCNN扩展成PCNNs，提出了一种基于PCNNs的图像融合算法，能够将多个传感器获取的同一目标的图像信息融合到一幅图像中，有效模拟了人类视觉系统；另外，结合PCNN的同步脉冲发放特性、捕获特性和波的传播竞争特性，开拓地将PCNN用于模式分类中，提出了基于耦合神经元点火捕获／抑制特性的分类方法和改进的约束距离下的PCNN分类方法，前者可实现对样本空间中任意复杂分布训练样本的稳健非线性分类，而后者能够消除训练样本中刺点对分类的影响；最后，结合累积差分图像思想、PCNN波的形成与传播特性，通过各神经元之间连接取向来选择与控制自动波的流向，将PCNN用于运动视觉分析中的运动轨迹模拟及运动方向检测。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

Since conventional broadcast in MANETs wastes a lot of resources due to redundant rebroadcasts, contention and collision, several existing broadcast protocols were proposed to resolve these problems.

传统的广播方法因为重覆广播、竞争及碰撞等问题而浪费很多网路资源，所以已经有很多方法被提出来解决这些问题。

This entirely studies long end effect is by " even the line " Chris Anderson of magazine chief editor puts forward the earliest in the Changweiyiwen October 2004, use descriptive such as the commerce of Yamaxun and website of Netflix and so on and economic mode, still do not have official definition up to now, the most extensive multitude using in the website is SEO personnel, they are being searched a few not be too popular keyword do not look down upon these keywords, the one discharge that decides keyword of dimensions to bring is to exceed likely advocate of the discharge of the keyword, divide up in a few big doors advocate keyword market we should monarch additionally path, searching competition is not so big keyword, spin these keywords like the tail, grow gotten flow what pull more more, besides SEO, in growing end effect to return body to show to wait for network business in B2C, C2C, B2B, product of an unexpected winner is searched in the commodity with intense competition, seek much site, spin the tail, can increase a sale so.

长尾效应这一概念是由《连线》杂志主编Chris Anderson在2004年十月的长尾一文中最早提出，用来描述诸如亚马逊和Netflix之类网站的商业和经济模式，至今尚无正式定义，在网站中应用最广泛的人群是SEO人员，他们在寻找一些不是太热门的次关键词别小看这些关键词，一定规模的次关键词带来的流量是有可能超过主关键词的流量的，在一些大门户瓜分的主关键词市场我们应该另辟蹊径，寻找竞争不是那么大的次关键词，将这些关键词像尾巴一样拉长，拉的越长得到的流量越多，除了SEO外，长尾效应还体现在B2C、C2C、B2B等网商中，在竞争激烈的商品中寻找冷门产品，找多点，把尾巴拉长，这样就能增加销售。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。