描述为

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

The description methods of natural scenery was studied based on fractal, that is, recursive method, L-system method, IFS and IFS description method was put forward based on sine or cosine. This method overcomes angularity and consistency of recursive method, L-system method and IFS, and the variety of fractal sculpting consequence can be added and the basis for the later research and the application was provided.

对基于分形的描述自然景物方法，即递归洪、L-系统法、IFS法进行了分析研究，在此基础上，提出基于正余弦的IFS描述法，该方法克服了递归法、L-系统法、IFS法等描述方法的生硬性和一律性，增加了分形造型结果的多样性，为以后的深入研究和应用提供了依据。

We proposed a new aspect oriented ADL AC2-ADL,aiming to offer an effective systematic solution for the representation of aspect oriented software system, AC2-ADL provides aspectual components to describe the crosscutting concerns. In addition, by introducing Aspectual Connector and abstracting the joinpoint of the architecture,it described the complicated interactions among the software architecture elements.

通过设计面向方面的软件体系结构描述语言AC2-ADL，使用方面组件明确地描述系统的横切关注点；并引入方面连接件以及抽象出软件体系结构语境中的注入点，呈现结构之间复杂的交互，以解决不同关注点的分散和交织等问题，试图为设计和描述面向方面的软件系统的软件体系结构提供一种有效的解决方案。

The chapter 5, The Deductive Axiomatics of Theory of Evolution andSelf-organization Theory, proposes that the description which transfer thefunctional statements about phenomena of life into causal statements eventuallyinvolves theories about evolution.

第5章"进化论的演绎公理系统和自组织理论"中提出，把关于生命现象的功能性描述或目的性描述转换为因果性描述，最终要涉及到进化的理论。

It seems preferable, however, to construe these topic-neutral descriptions as contingent reference-fixers for "pain," which tie "pain" to that inner state which is, contingently, caused by the events the topic- neutral descriptions describe.9 It is thus no part of the meaning of "pain" in my idiolect that pains are something I undergo.

但似乎更好的是，把这些中立描述，解释为是"疼"的偶然性指称固定者，把"疼"系于偶然地被中立描述所描述的事件所导致的内在事态。[9]于是，在我的习语中，没有"疼"的含义部分是我经历的那东西。

Chapter 4 proposes the attributed context-free grammar description, transformation methods and framework of organization based on windows of visual languages in a human-computer interface, which provides a reasonable theoretical basis and methods for the description, expanding production and automatic erasion of visual languages and the design of a visual human-computer interface.

第四章提出了人机界面中可视语言的上下文无关属性文法描述、变换方法及基于窗口的组织结构，为可视语言的描述、扩展生成、自动擦消及构造可视人机界面提供了有力的理论依据及描述方法。

Adopting generalized Jordan block and algebra equivalence transform method, all of the transfer functions at different load points can be transformed to state-space description with time variable. The steady robustness of three different mode of control systems were researched by mathematic analysis. It shows that: for the high order inertia controlled object with the characteristic of nonlinear and time-variable that described by the set of transfer functions, the Luenberger function observer established according to its any algebra equivalence state-space description, if some conditions can be met, there would be a matrix of T with n′n satisfied the Sylvester matrix equation TA- FT=GC.

采用广义约当块及代数等价变换方法，可将分段的传递函数描述转换为变参数的状态空间描述，对3种典型控制系统的稳定鲁棒性所进行的理论研究表明，对同一组传递函数描述的具有非线性和时变特性的高阶惯性受控对象，依据其任一代数等价的状态空间描述所构建的Luenberger函数观测器，在满足一定的条件时，存在n′n解阵T满足Sylvester矩阵方程TA- FT=GC。

Now HLS has absorbed much research attention in IC-CAD field. In HLS, algorithms represented by algorithm description language are transformed into hardware structure description consisted of resisters and transfers. In the transforming process, synthesis of datapath is a core. The other works is based on it. And in the synthesis of datapath, operation scheduling, functional unit allocation and binding all are NP-Completeness problems. The structure of their solution space is not known well. If we must find a global optimum solution, we can only use exhaustion. This way needs too much computation for VLSI synthesis, and is impractical in Industry. So usually heuristic algorithms are used to search suboptimum solution.

因此HLS成为国际IC-CAD学界的一个热门，它把算法描述语言表达的算法转换为用寄存器、传输器描述的硬件结构，其中以数据通路的综合为主体，其余工作皆以此为基础；而在数据通路综合中，操作调度、功能单元分配、连线等均属NP问题，目前该问题的解空间尚未充分了解，如要求得最优解，只有采取穷举搜索法，对于大规模集成电路而言运算量太大，工业中无法承受，故通常都采用启发算法求次优解。

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

The article, focusing on the thought orbit especially in the field of literature, emphasizing the inter-link between the changes of their thought, explaining the life choice of thought subject and taking the learning and thought idea of World Consciousness and World View as breakthrough points, depicts their social and moral bear and transcendality of their thought version. Contrasting their literary thoughts of organon and ontology with each other, the article explains the central role played by "tragedy" in their thought structure and homorganic and interdynamic relations between their best but last aesthetic "tragedy" and life "tragedy".

本文以描述王国维、鲁迅二人的思想轨迹为中心，其中又以揭示二人思想、诗学迁变的内在链接为描述重点，兼及思想主体的生命选择，以学术、思想的&天下意识&与&天下观&为切入点，凸显二者的社会、道德承担和思想眼界的超越性，对比二人文学思想之工具论与本体论暨&无用之用&与&善撄人心&、&境界&与&摩罗诗力&，解说&悲剧&在二者思想构造中的中心意义，阐发这种臻于至境的美学&悲剧&与二人臻于绝境的生命&悲剧&的同构与互动关系。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。