描写的

For scarcely any nation has suffered since 1939 as Poland, carved up by the Hitler-Stalin nonaggression pact, transformed by the Nazis into the epicenter of their program to annihilate European Jewry, land of Auschwitz and Majdanek, killing field for millions of Christian Poles and millions of Polish Jews, brave home to the Warsaw Uprising, Soviet pawn, lonely Solidarity-led leader of post-Yalta Europe's fight for freedom, a place where, as one of its great poets, Wislawa Szymborska, wrote,"History counts its skeletons in round numbers"— 20,000 of them at Katyn.

1939年以降，几乎没有哪个国家遭受的灾难比波兰更为深重。这个国家一度被希特勒和斯大林签订的不侵犯条约瓜分，被纳粹转化为欧洲犹太人的根除中心。这是奥斯威辛和马伊达内克集中营的所在地，是数百万信基督教的波兰人和数百万波兰犹太人遇难的杀戮场，是英勇的华沙起义爆发的地方，是任由苏联人摆布的卒子。这是欧洲其他国家在后雅尔塔时代争取自由之际依然被形只影单的统一工人党统治的国度。正如伟大的波兰诗人维斯瓦娃·希姆博尔斯卡所描写的那样，这是一个"历史用整数计算骷髅数量"（卡廷的这项数字为20000）的地方。

And if a poet writes of the sufferings of Niobe --the subject of the tragedy in which these iambic verses occur--or of the house of Pelops , or of the Trojan war or on any similar theme, either we must not permit him to say that these are the works of God, or if they are of God, he must devise some explanation of them such as we are seeking; he must say that God did what was just and right, and they were the better for being punished; but that those who are punished are miserable, and that God is the author of their misery-- the poet is not to be permitted to say; though he may say that the wicked are miserable because they require to be punished, and are benefited by receiving punishment from God; but that God being good is the author of evil to any one is to be strenuously denied, and not to be said or sung or heard in verse or prose by any one whether old or young in any well-ordered commonwealth.

如果诗人去描写尼俄柏丧尽儿女令石头也流泪的悲痛——这些悲剧主题在诸如此类的抑扬格诗歌中随处可见——或者去描写佩罗普斯王族的父子相残，或者去描写特洛伊战争之类的主题，那么我们不能允许诗人说这些残暴故事都是神造的孽，就算跟神有关，那也应该解释清楚来龙去脉；他应该说明神帮扶正义和真理，而那些罪人的下场都是罪有应得；而不是去描写受到惩罚的人是如何如何的悲惨，神则是炮制这些悲惨的罪魁祸首——我们是不会让诗人这么去胡编乱造的；然而诗人可以去描写邪恶之人其所以都会其悲惨的结局是因为他们必须遭受惩罚，并因他们接受神的惩罚而使大家受益匪浅；说神代表着善却又是恶的帮凶会遭到所有人的极力反对，诗文中就再也不要去传播、歌唱或者道听途说地去宣扬这些恶事了，秩序井然的联邦中人民不论老少都不应该听到这些恶事。

There many aspects such as the description of people, scene, event, as we ofen detect, in the field of literary description. However,the description of color as embodied receptiveness of the writer's subjectivity is much too often ignored.

作品中的描写又分为方方面面，如人物描写、场景描写、事件描写等等，这些描写都是我们在作品中常常见到的，但是，把色彩的描写融注作者的思想情感之中却常常被人们所忽视。

This thesis mainly expounds an analytical method in structure of the lexicographical sememic description elements, namely the structural trichotomy to the lexicographical sememic description elements.

本文主要阐述了一种对辞书义位描写要素的结构进行分析的方法，即辞书义位描写要素的结构三分方法，该方法将辞书中的义位描写要素从结构上分为核心要素、主干要素、标识要素。

Finally, this paper points out that description about death is a means of building text clue in text lay. It is also means of manifesting text thought in thought lay. The last but not least, it is also a means of subliming taste lay.

最终明确，在文本层面：死亡描写是文本线索构筑的手段；思想层面：死亡描写是文本思想表现的手段；审美内涵层面：死亡描写是文本达到审美升华的手段。

At that age, he was sold into slavery by a group of Irish marauders that raided his village.

很小的时候看过一部叫《灰色地带》的小说，说的是中国留学生在美国的故事，男女主角在散心时遇到了狂欢游行的爱尔兰人，尽管他们身处美国，但是狂欢依然不减色，我甚至还记得书中描写的游行队伍中所有人都佩着绿色的饰品，连夹杂在人群中的小狗脖子上也系了绿色的丝带。

He points out how in the early pre-Shakespearean version of the same story — the drama of the man hearing that his father has been murdered and taking his revenge — is all played in the outside world so that the early pre-Hamlet Hamlets were all social in that sense.

他指出&前哈姆雷特&的诸多版本，即，沙翁之前的哈姆雷特，尽管描写的是同样的复仇故事，但是更多注重的是表现外在的东西，行动是外在的，冲突也是外在的，所以从这方面讲，它们都是十分社会化的。

Simply put, is to see a fundamental traction as the main line, and then use many different volumes as a subcarrier, although the description in the story is the same person, but the volume of each style are completely independent, however, These elements have a common goal is to the protagonist of a new life.

简单的说，就是，以一条根本看不见的主线作为牵引，然后用很多不同的分卷作为载体，虽然描写的是同一个人的故事，但是每一卷都是完全文体风格独立的内容，不过，这些内容都有一个共同的目标就是——给主角一个新的生命。

According to the author statistics shows that nearly 2000 poems about string instrument of Tang Dynasty in "" The Whole Poetry of Tang Dynasty "", it had reflected all respects of artistic development of string instrument of Tang Dynasty, embody a poet in the Tang Dynasty from describing that kinds of spiritual idea making the poet profound and expresse in the poem of the string instrument in Tang Dynasty, the classical, outstanding poems of the string instrument of Tang Dynasty,the description have worthful historical data value and aesthstic value, it is the rare important wealth on Chinese string instrument art and literature development history, it promote the development of string instrument art after Tang Dynasty, these 2000 poems of string instrument describe the study of Tang Dynasty and give us a lot of artistic value of written historical materials in Tang Dynasty.

据笔者统计：在《全唐诗》中约有2000多首描写唐代拨弦乐器的诗作，在这些诗作中集中体现了唐代拨弦乐器艺术发展的各个方面，从描写唐代拨弦乐器的诗作中折射出唐代诗人抒发的那种令人深邃的精神理念，这些经典、优秀的描写唐代拨弦乐器的诗作具有宝贵的史料价值和美学价值，是中国拨弦乐器艺术与文学发展史上不可多得的重要财富，对唐代以后拨弦乐器艺术的发展，产生了积极影响。这2000多首描写唐代拨弦乐器的诗作，是研究唐代拨弦乐器艺术价值的珍贵文字资料。

Chapter 3 the Persian war, chapter 4 the Vandal war, chapter 5 the Gothic war are all about the same issue "Wars and Peace."By analyzing every war's cause, process, I then make a conclusion of Procopius'conception of history. Chapter 6 "Natural Calamity and Human Disaster"analyzes and discusses the Plague of Constantinople in 542-543 and "Nika riot"in 532. In chapter 7 "Legend, Customs and Natural Phenomena", besides a scrutiny of Procopius'history criticism, I examine and sum up three kinds of digressions in this work. The last chapter "Military and Religion"inquires into the military organization , armies of the services, equipments, strategy and tactics, weapons of Byzantine empire. This chapter also probes into the attitude of Procopius on Christian, heresies and paganism; The epilogue is a conclusion of this dissertation, making a systematic exposition on Procopius'conception of history.

对这三大战争的研究，笔者采用述论相结合的方法，首先分析各大战争爆发的原因，然后详细分析战争的过程，纠正普罗柯比的正误、讳言之处，通过与其他史料的相互对比还原历史真相，总结经验教训，最后，在每章的总结部分论述战争的结果及其对交战双方的影响，通过对具体内容的分析归纳总结普罗柯比的历史观；第六章&天灾与人祸&主要对《战记》中记载的542-543 年君士坦丁堡大瘟疫和532 年尼卡暴乱加以分析论述，通过普罗柯比与其他史家记载的对比探寻查士丁尼大瘟疫的起源、传播路径、症状、传染介质、死亡人数、政府对策及其影响等问题，通过对尼卡暴乱目击者记录的分析揭示尼卡暴乱爆发的原因、真实过程，对尼卡暴乱作出公允的评价；在第七章&神话传说、民族风俗和自然现象&中，通过普罗柯比对这三类插话描写的总结和评论，分析他的历史批判法；在最后一章&军事与宗教&中，剥开《战记》的表层内容，对其中蕴含的较深层次的思想内容进行研究，如拜占廷帝国的军队组织、兵种、装备、战略战术、军事武器等内容的探讨，同时也就普罗柯比对基督教和异教、异端的态度加以分析论述；最后的结语部分主要是作全文的总结，阐述普罗柯比的历史观。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。