掺合

It is found out that those mineral materials composite could bring mutual advantages into action. With composition of those mineral materials, the concrete performance, particularly the performance of resistance to chloride ingression, has been improved more than any one of them alone.

由于其交互叠加效应的作用，复合掺合料对混凝土性能的改善，特别是对抗氯离子侵蚀性能的改善比单一掺合料更为优越。

The results show that the mineral admixtures can reduce C3A quantity in the cement material, and the pozzolanic reaction can consume lots of hydration product-Ca2, Which makes specimens close-grained, has obvious prevention function towards the sulfate corrosion. The anti-sulfate corrosion effects of various mineral admixtures from finer to poorer in turn are as follows: 30% fly ash, 30% fly ash + 30% slag, 60% slag, 30% steel slag + 30% slag, 30% steel slag, 30% slag, the blank type.

研究结果表明：加入矿物掺合料降低了试件的胶凝材料中的C3A含量，其火山灰反应消耗了大量的水化产物Ca2，且提高了试件的密实度，对硫酸盐侵蚀具有明显的预防缓解作用；各矿物掺合料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀效果由优到劣依次为：30%粉煤灰，30%粉煤灰＋30%矿粉，60%矿粉，30%钢渣＋30%矿粉，30%钢渣＞30%矿粉，空白样。

In the redispersable powders, WACER powder is excellent. When fine percentage of redispersable emulsoid powder is 1, toughness, adhesive performance of mortar have improved.(3) When MC was mixed into mortar, water-retentive performance, toughness, adhesive performance of mortar have improved and 28d dry shrinkage of mortar has reduced.(4) When AEA was mixed into mortar, dry shrinkage of mortar reduced and infiltration resistance has improved.(5) When cement-to-sand ratio is 1:2.5 , toughness of mortar is perfect.

2WACKER的VAE和551Z两种乳胶粉的效果较好，最佳质量掺量均为1%，对砂浆的和易性、韧性、粘结性能均有较大改善；(3)在干拌砂浆中加入MC保水剂后，砂浆的保水性提高，韧性得到改善，粘结性能也得到了增强，砂浆的28d干缩值也有所下降；(4)砂浆中加入AEA膨胀剂后，砂浆的干缩下降，抗渗性也有一定提高；(5)灰砂比为1：2.5是较为理想的，砂浆的和易性较好，韧性较好；(6)砂浆中加入掺合料可以使砂浆的韧性得到提高，但是会使砂浆的粘结性能下降。

The research result shows that the flowability, moldability, cohesiveness of high performance concrete of hill sand are significant by comparison with ordinary concrete on mechanical properties, long term properties, and durability. Motar flowability decreases with the increase of single-mixed active additive. The flowability can be largely improved by double mixing of active additive and super plasticizer NF. This is because not only the active additive has filling effect but also the dispersing effect induced by surface action between additive and super plasticizer NF. And the optimal content of materials are: super plasticizer NF≥0.8%, fly ash 20%, PS 20~30%,zeolite powder≤20%,SF 5~8%; The negative influence of hill sand powder should be avoided by controlling of powder content and the use of active additive and super

研究表明：随着单掺活性掺合料掺量的增加，砂浆流动性减小，活性掺合料与萘系高效减水剂NF双掺使用，比使用同样剂量萘系高效减水剂NF的基准浆体流动性明显增大，这是由于玻璃体材质活性掺合料不仅有填充效应，更主要的是它与高效减水剂之间的表面物化作用产生了分散性，而活性掺合料对浆体的流化作用效果主要是依赖于其分散性；能有效改善胶砂流动性的适宜掺量为：萘系高效减水剂不小于0.8%，粉煤灰掺量为20%，PS掺量为20~30%，沸石矿粉掺量不宜大于20%，SF掺量为5~8%；通过对粉末含量的限制，并借助活性掺合料、高效减水剂的合理使用，就可以避免山砂粉末含量的负面影响，配制出密实度高，抗渗性能优异，具有良好的耐久性能，并具有良好的体积稳定性的山砂高性能混凝土。

Hill sand can be used in producing high performance concrete of hill sand based on the research of high strength concrete of hill sand, hydro-concrete of hill sand and the usage of fly ash.

本研究课题是在已成功研制并实际应用的C60高强山砂混凝土的基础上，结合对微细活性掺合料性质的理论认识，充分利用贵州当地的混凝土材料，并掺入微细活性掺合料，研制一种新型的高性能混凝土，即山砂高性能混凝土。

The addition of mineral admixture decreases the content of calcium hydroxide crystals in the hardened paste, so the mortar＇s resistance to thaumasite form of sulfate attack is improved to a certain extent.

矿物掺合料对水泥石中CH晶体的减少与对抗TSA侵蚀性的改善效果具有相同的规律，其优劣次序为：60％矿渣粉〉5％硅灰＋25％矿渣粉〉8％硅灰〉30％矿渣粉〉20％粉煤灰〉无掺合料。

The adding of mineral admixtures and high performance water reducer is the key factor of preparing self-compacting concrete, especially high strength and extra strength self-compacting concrete. Mineral admixtures have unsuperseded advantages in improving the workability and durability of self-compacting concrete.

加入优质矿物掺合料及高效减水剂是配制免振捣高性能混凝土特别是高强超高强免振捣混凝土的技术关键所在，由于优质矿物掺合料的&微集料效应&、&火山灰效应&、&滚珠效应&，使其在改善免振捣混凝土工作性，提高免振捣混凝土耐久性方面发挥了不可替代的作用。

Test results indicate that adding 10 percent ultra-fine lime stone powder blending material can obviously improve the early compression strength of concrete,and that the bending strength of concrete will be improved along with increase of addition amount of lime stone powder when the addition amount is less than 30 percent.

结果表明，掺入10%的超磨细石灰石粉掺合料可显著提高混凝土的早期抗压强度，当石灰石粉掺量小于30%时，抗折强度随其掺量的增加而提高。

DSC thermo-analysis showed that both of epoxy resins and blended resins had an exothermic peak during the period of thermal-scanning due to the curing reaction. Comparison between different kinds of liquefied wood, blending resins that using the liquefied Japanese cedar of LW-C as the raw material would undergo more degree of cross-linking reaction. They released more reaction heat, and formed a more complete cross-linking structure. However, heat treatment could promote an advanced cross-linking reaction of room temperature cured resins. DSC isothermosetting analyses showed that the curing reaction of both epoxy resins and blended resins conformed to Arrhenius kinetic model. The time needed to achieve 95% of curing reaction was shorter for blending resin than that of epoxy resin.

由DSC热分析显示环氧树脂与掺合树脂在热扫描过程中均出现硬化反应放热峰，其中以液化柳杉LW-C为原料之掺合树脂在硬化过程可进行较多之架桥反应，其反应放热量较大，硬化树脂之架桥结构较完整，而加热可促进常温硬化树脂进一步之架桥反应；由DSC等温硬化性分析显示环氧树脂与掺合树脂之硬化反应均符合Arrhenius动力学模式，添加液化柳杉之掺合树脂达95%硬化率所需时间较环氧树脂短。

In this study, Cryptomeria japonica was liquefied in phenol with H2SO4 and HCl as a catalyst. The epoxy resin was synthesized from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A with the molar ratio of 5/1. Blending resins were prepared by mixing the liquefied Japanese cedar and epoxy resin with weight ratios of 30/100, 50/100 and 70/100, and the triethylene tetramine was added as a cross-linking hardener. The effect of mixing ratios of liquefied Japanese cedar to epoxy resin and amount of hardener added on the reactivity of blending resins and the properties of cured resins were investigated. Furthermore, polysiloxane and rice husk were added as foaming agent and filler, respectively, to the epoxy resin and blending resins. The foaming process, the bubbles shape, the mechanical properties, and the thermal stability of the epoxy foams were investigated.

中文摘要本研究将柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica； Japanese cedar)木材以酚为溶剂，H2SO4及HCl为催化剂进行液化处理，另以莫耳比5/1之环氧氯丙烷与双酚A反应合成环氧树脂，并将液化柳杉与环氧树脂以重量比30/100、50/100及70/100混合制备掺合树脂，并以三乙基四胺(Triethylene tetramine； TETA)为架桥硬化剂，探讨液化柳杉与环氧树脂混合比及硬化剂添加量对其掺合树脂之反应性，及其硬化树脂性质之影响；进一步於环氧树脂与掺合树脂中添加聚矽氧烷为发泡剂，稻壳粉为填料制备发泡体，探讨其发泡体之发泡过程、泡体形态、发泡体机械性质与热稳定性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。