推理上的

The rule-formalization definition, abstract model of dianoetic machine, and dianoetic algorithm in the enhanced packet-filtering firewalls are presented.

并在此基础上，提出了推理机的抽象模型和推理算法，设计并实现了相应的推理机，同时给出了防火墙的设计实例，以此作为对上述工作的验证。

The"incomplete reasoning-verification"inference idea is used to form the synthetrical inference pattern with data-driven and object-driven. All of them increase the effectiveness of this algorithm greatly.

在推理策略上，运用了"不完全推理-验证"的推理思想，形成了数据驱动和目标驱动相统一的混合推理模式，从而大大提高了理解算法的效率。

Resolution-based many-sorted predicate calculus has been applied to many fields of computer science, such as knowledge representation, artificial intelligence and automatic theorem proving, software specification and verification, etc.

在前人工作的基础上，对自动推理领域的如下问题进行了研究与探索：基于归结原理的多种类谓词演算、模糊逻辑与近似推理、Web环境下的知识表示与自动推理等。

The method of fuzzy interpolative reasoning based on the proportion of vertex and inflection point of Gaussian-type membership function was presented, which provided a useful tool for fuzzy interpolative reasoning.

本文在线性插值推理方法的基础上，给出一种基于高斯型隶属函数的顶点和拐点距离比的模糊插值推理方法。这为模糊插值推理又提供了一个十分有用的工具。

Subsequently, in order to solve a fatal problem of surprising amount of calculating and storge of presental fuzzy inference algorithm when used to solve multi-compliacted rules, we propose the decompositional method of complicated rules and solving method of resoning result after the rules are decomposed, so that a simple algorithm of fuzzy inference on-line can be obtained and the amount of calculating and storge can largely decreased.

针对现有的模糊推理算法用于多重复杂蕴涵规则时计算量及要求的存贮量太大这一应用中致命的问题，我们提出了复杂规则的分解方法，推导了规则分解后推理结果的求取方法，在此基础上提出了模糊推理的简便算法，使得在线实现模糊推理的计算量及要求的存贮量减少若干个数量级。

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

1Analyzing the various characteristics of quantified structures in Chinese by means of Generalized Quantifier Theory;(2)Extending the function of fragment of natural language. That is, this fragment can not only generate syntactically arguments, including square of opposition and syllogisms, in terms of quantified sentences in Chinese, but interprets semantically the logical validity of those arguments;(3) It is a new study from cognition to generate and interpret the arguments in fragment of natural language.

刻画量化结构及其推理的汉语部分语句系统，其价值如下：（1）运用广义量词理论的方法分析汉语量化结构的各种特征；（2）扩大自然语言部分语句系统的功能，不仅从句法上可以生成由汉语量化句表述的包括对当关系和三段论在内的推理，还能够从语义上解释这些推理句的逻辑有效性；（3）在自然语言部分语句系统内生成并解释推理，这是从认知角度研究推理的新视角。

That is , this fragment can not only generate syntactically arguments , including square of opposition and syllogisms , in ter ms of quantified sentences in Chinese , but interprets semantically the logical validity of those arguments 3 It is a new study from cognition to generate and interpret the arguments in fragment of natural language .

刻画量化结构及其推理的汉语部分语句系统，其价值如下：(1)运用广义量词理论的方法分析汉语量化结构的各种特征；(2)扩大自然语言部分语句系统的功能，不仅从句法上可以生成由汉语量化句表述的包括对当关系和三段论在内的推理，还能够从语义上解释这些推理句的逻辑有效性；(3)在自然语言部分语句系统内生成并解释推理，这是从认知角度研究推理的新视角。

Secondary, the paper design a system model of the OWL reasoning based on Lisa reasoning engine(reasoning engine based on an object-oriented implementation of the Rete algorithm).

设计一个OWL推理系统原型：在基于Rete算法的Lisa推理引擎的基础上设计了一个基于规则的OWL推理系统原型。

In view of the above, the following work is carried out in this paper.The current researches and their tendency of the theory on design catalogue and case-based reasoning in China and foreign countries are analyzed.

有鉴于此，本文开展了以下工作：分析了国内外在设计方法学特别是设计目录、基于实例推理上的研究现状及其发展趋势，阐述了本课题研究的难点和重点。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。