推理

Pathologies of Legal Reasoning or Legal Reasoning as a Pathology?

法律推理的病理学或作为病理学的法律推理？

The former is to formulate and model static for decision-making, while the latter is combined with the dynamic question soling process.

陈述性表示主要是的静态描述，对事实和规律的分析，知识表示与推理可以分开处理；而过程性表示，表示与推理结合，知识表示就是求解程序，是动态的描述。

In the course of reasoning, Certainty value of the midterm conclusion should be figured out and spreaded along the reasoning chain.

在推理的过程中，计算出各中间结果的可信度因子，并沿着推理链传播这种不确定性。

There are three basic lithologic semantic relations between adjacent boreholes, which are respectively corresponding, including and pinching-out relations.

相邻钻孔之间细节地层的岩性连接有对应、包含和尖灭3种，基于地层属性及其语义关系的地层连接关系推理有6种基本模式，设计了相应的地层连接推理算法。

This information, together with the actual train movement information, is provided for the CADES (Computer Aided Dispatching Expert System) to process for solution.

在建造CADES时，根据列车调度领域知识的特点，将列调领域知识分为元级知识和领域知识，建立了层次型的知识库，将CADES的推理机设计为三级控制结构，使CADES成为一个动态的多级产生式专家系统，能够根据TMSS的信息变化自动地选择规则集和推理控制策略，问题的求解过程也能自适应于实际情况的变化，使其与列车调度员进行运行调整的复杂，灵活的思维过程更为接近。

The relational data structure of Credal network is constructed.Thus the query optimization mechanism of relational database can be fully used and the efficiency of Credal network inference can be improved greatly.

建立了Credal网络的关系数据结构，利用关系数据库的查询优化机制，有效规避了Credal网络推理过程中Credal集顶点组合爆炸问题，提高了Credal网络推理的效率。

A method to make Credal network approximation inference is proposed by computing the joint probability distribution and posterior probability of variables through the above operators.Furthermore its arithmetic is developed by SQL statement.Its validity and efficiency can be showed in the application case.

提出利用上述操作计算Credal网络中各结点联合概率分布和后验概率的方法，从而实现了Credal网络的近似推理，并给出了该近似推理的SQL语言实现算法，算例结果表明该方法是有效的。

The inference in Credal network is the computation of tight lower and upper bounds for conditional probabilities.A new algorithm for inference in Credal networks is presented based on the framework of bucket elimination.The burden of computation is alleviated by enumerating some of values and the accurate result is obtained.

Credal网络的推理是计算一定证据下的后验概率最大值和最小值，给出了一种Credal网络推理的新方法，该方法是在桶消元框架下通过枚举计算部分因子函数值，使计算量大大减小，并且可以得到精确的结果。

Using a fuzzy inference algorithm,the paper put forward a method which took temperature and dense of carbon monoxide as two parameters to detect fire level of belt conveyor according to certain fuzzy rules table and inference rules and using barycenter method to fuzzify.

文章提出了一种利用模糊推理算法，将温度和一氧化碳浓度2个参数作为系统输入，根据一定的模糊规则表与推理规则进行运算，并依据重心法去模糊化，得到胶带输送机火灾发生级别的方法。

An automatic update system based on semantic web techniques to implement the drug-law checking automatically is proposed in this thesis. The design concept is to use OWL as the knowledge model. To represent the drug law knowledge, we view a drug law as a class of medical status, and we can use classification to implement the decision of drug use legality. This approach simplifies the design of inference engine. The OWL supports the syntax of class inherences, so it can reach the cognitive economy and shorten the drug laws encoding length. The OWL syntax can represent most drug laws style, so the system can just use one document and one inference engine to handle all drug laws rules.

本文导入语意网技术提出一法规检核同步化系统，来实现药品检核规则自动更新的功能，其主要设计理念为以语意网的OWL模型来实作法规检核系统，在法规的知识表徵上，系统将所有的药品规则视为医疗状态的类别，因此判别用药的合法性，便可使用分类运算达成，这简化了推理机的设计；利用OWL支援类别继承的语意，故能形成认知经济性效应，缩小医疗法规机器编码长度；最后OWL的语法能表示大部份规则型态，使得系统可以使用一个文件档，一种推理机模型便能表示所有的法规。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。