推理

The authors prove that the two classes of algorithms hold the continuity properties in the cases of fuzzy modus ponens and fuzzy modus tollens.

证明了在模糊假言推理和模糊拒取式推理情形，这两类算法都拥有连续性。

As the negation of the hemi-rational and arbitrary judicial system, legal reasoning is the way to justice and the rule of law. In contrast, the logical method of legal reasoning is the noetic beyond the social system.

作为半理性和专断审判制度之否定形式的法律推理，是通向法治和正义的必由之路，而法律推理的逻辑方法作为一种认识工具则具有超社会形态的纯粹理性形式。

A fourth kind is Discovery through reasoning; e.g. in _The Choephoroe_:'One like me is here; there is no one like me but Orestes; he, therefore, must be here.

第四种发现是通过推理；例如在《祭奠人》中的推理："和我一样的人来了，除了俄瑞斯忒斯没有人和我一样，因此，俄瑞斯忒斯来了。"

The theoretic part also expands ostensive stimuli to its correspondence in advertising and points out its role in understanding advertisements.

理论的构建部分还把明示刺激在广告中的表现进行了具体分析，指出其在推动广告理解和达在实践部分，文章尝试把广告分成两大类：明说广告和暗含广告，并结合关联理论的推理观，分析了两种广告的理解过程，指出明说广告仍然涉及推理并具有隐含信息。

ABSTRACT Particle filter is a new real time inference algorithm which is based on Bayesian inference and Monte carlo method. Because of its unique characteristics such as flexible, easy to implement, parallelizable, extensive applicability and efficient to process nonlinear problems, particle filter has been paid more and more attention in recent years and becomes a new and very promising hot topic in applied statistics, signal processing, automatic control, artificial intelligence and machine learning communities. At the same time, the formidable increasing computational power and some recent developments in applied statistics and probability theory has stimulated many advances in this field.

始于20世纪90年代初的粒子滤波器技术是一种基于贝叶斯推理和蒙特卡罗方法的实时在线推理算法，因其具有灵活、易于实现、并行化、应用前景广阔以及有效处理非线性问题等特点，受到了越来越广泛的重视，成为统计学、信号处理、自动控制、人工智能、机器学习等领域新的研究热点，同时伴随着计算机计算能力的超指数增长以及应用统计学、概率论等一些学科的不断进步，使该领域的研究得到了迅速发展。

On the base of applied tech. and system structure, the key tech. are expressed in detail. It includes:Knowledge representation technology: it is described in two stages by "Depictive frame + Rule group"."Depictive frame" is used to reflect the factors concerning question field."Rule group" reflects the son-question in question field; knowledge management system: it is made up of knowledge-base editing component, factor classifying component, knowledge inspecting component and extractive knowledge component; uncertainty reasoning adopt method of elicitation search strategy and data drive controlled by member knowledge. It take reliability of compound proof at first. That can resolve the matching contradiction. Reasoning explanation introduce pre-text and followed method of resolving path. Knowledge discovery component take SLIQ as basic arithmetic. It provides classification model in two stage forms which aim at training suit. That is decision tree and productive rule.

在确定应用技术与系统结构的基础上，重点阐述了本文的核心技术，这包括：知识表示技术，采用"描述框架+规则组"的层次结构，"描述框架"用于描述问题域所涉及的因素，"规则组"反映问题域内的子问题；知识管理系统，由知识库编辑构件、因素分类构件、知识检测构件和知识求精构件组成；不确定性推理机采用启发式搜索策略，元知识控制的数据驱动，以复合证据可信度优先作为匹配冲突消解的策略，推理解释采用预置文本与求解路径追踪的方法；知识发现，采用SLIQ快速可伸缩算法，分类模型用判定树与产生式规则两种形式描述。

When infants lack of knowledge about objects, they will reason based on objects' perceptional similarity; when they are endowed with knowledge related to objects, they will reason by using the two clues.

对于幼儿来讲，归纳推理是其早期概念形成和发展的基本条件。目前心理学领域有关幼儿的归纳推理研究已经产生了丰硕的成果。

The infinite-dimensional inference technique was available to precisely approximate the posterior distribution of the noise.

提出一新的非参数贝叶斯推理算法来辨识任意复杂的多模噪声分布，采用无穷维推理技术，能够较为精确地逼近噪声的后验分布。

Most scholars believe that people can not obtain new knowledge from deductive reasoning because the premiss of the deductive reasoning already contain s its conclusion.

大多数学者认为演绎推理不可获取新的知识，原因在于演绎推理的前提已经蕴涵其结论。

An iterative reasoning algorithm with time delay of CD is proposed in this paper to resolve time delay of complex system. It is an effective approximating reasoning algorithm for its polynomial time complexity. It realizes dynamic reasoning of causality diagram through multiplication of linkage strength matrix and probability vector when the CD has time delay.

本文针对复杂系统的时间延迟性提出了带时间延迟的因果图迭代推理算法，该算法可以在多项式时间复杂度内完成，是一种有效的近似推理算法。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。