推定

The controller estimates a three-phase motor current value by using a current detection value detected by the current sensor and a rotor rotation position, and controls the inverter by using on the motor current estimation value.

这里，用电流传感器检测出的电流检测值和转子旋转位置推定3相的电动机电流值，用该电动机电流推定值控制逆变器。

Article meaning is in through discussing the advantage of innocent and illative principle, and the inadequacy in our country law, will highlight emphasize innocent and illative principle be in our country the necessity of establish.

本文意在通过论述无罪推定原则的优越性，以及我国法律中的不足，来突出强调无罪推定原则在我国确立的必要性。

Statistical analysis involving point and interval estimation.

不确定现象的统计分析包含母参数的点推定及区间推定。

Contrasts static analysis and modal analysis result, the value is accordant. Modal analysis replaced static analysis to evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity of structure of the bridge is feasible.

再对模型梁分别进行非线性静力分析和动力模态分析，得到各模型梁的荷载—挠度关系曲线以及荷载—频率关系曲线，分别通过静力和动力计算数据推定各模型梁的极限承载力，并对比由静力计算结果和动力计算结果推定的极限承载力，两者是一致的。

Presumption;experience rules;the fact inference;the presumption of law

推定；经验法则；事实推定；法律推定

In the second part, this article gives descriptions about the effects ofpresumptions on the Burden of Proof in detail in the civil law and common law. In thecivil law, as a special provision of Burden of Proof, the presumption of law make theburden of production and the Burden of Proof shift to the adversary. In the commonlaw, there is a difficult wok to make a choice between shifting the burden ofproduction and shifting both of the burden of production and the burden ofpersuasion.

第二部分，就两大法系中推定对举证责任产生什么样的影响分别作了论述，大陆法系认为法律推定是一种特殊的举证责任规范，它转移结果意义上的举证责任和行为意义上的举证责任；英美法系法律推定在推定是只转移提供证据的责任还是及转移提供证据的责任又转移说服责任之间徘徊。

Afterwards,the author analyses the characters,definition and connection between fact inference and presumption of law.points that reasoning is the essence of the fact inference.The presumption of law is higher than the fact inference.but the legal reasoning is totally based on the real fact.

然后集中分析事实推定与法律推定的概念特征及其相互关系，指出事实推定的实质是推理或推论；法律推定源于事实推定又高于事实推定。

3 Provided that the Constructive Total Loss Clause in the current Institute Time Clauses Hulls or a clause having a similar effect is contained in the insurance on hull and machinery, the settlement of a claim for constructive total loss thereunder shall be accepted as proof of the constructive total loss of the Vessel.

9.3 如果船体和机器保险中包含现行协会船舶定期保险条款的推定全损条款或具有相似效果的条款，据此按推定全损解决索赔，应接受为保险船舶推定全损的证据。

The insiders consist of traditional insiders, constructive insiders, tippers, tippees and misappropriators. The inside information must be unpublished and sensitive to securities' prices. The formulas of counting the damages are proposed. The doctrine of liability fixation should adopt the principle of constructive wrongs. The securities law should directly construct the causality, which relieves the average investors' burdens of proof in order to protect their benefit.

本文提出应将内幕交易主体区分为传统内幕人、推定内幕人、泄露信息者、接受信息者、盗用消息者等几类，并分别予以阐述；内幕信息则需具有两个最重要的条件——非公开及价格敏感性；在损害事实的确定问题上，提出了计算受害方的损失数额的公式，并指出以内幕交易者的全部非法所得为限进行民事赔偿比较公平合理；鉴于受害者无法确知内幕交易者的主观心理状态，在归责原则上宜采过错推定原则；在因果关系的证明上，从保护受害者的角度出发，应采美国做法，立法直接推定因果关系存在，明确规定受害者有损害求偿权，而毋需承担因果关系的举证责任。

In the last, under the classification of presumptions,we find the rebuttablepresumption in law which can effect the burden of proof .

在本部分最后笔者根据推定的分类，圈定了可以影响到举证责任的推定，即法律上可以反驳的事实推定。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。