推

Reasoning by analogy contain broad sense and narrow sense. The broad sense analogy indicates generally the inference based on genus, which equal to what we now say inference (contain deduce, induce, analogy). The narrow sense analogy only points several typical inference form based on same genus that the ancients discussed in Mohist Argument: pi, mou, yuan, tui, which mostly equal to what we now say analogy.

推类有广义和狭义之分：广义推类泛指在类的基础上进行的推理，相当于我们现在所说的推理；狭义推类仅指《墨辩》中论及的譬、侔、援、推等几种典型的、以类同为依据的推理类型，大致相当于当今所说的类比推理。

The study probe into at when extreme rainfall happenning incident research purpose department on city, estimate its flow of flood crest to defend and provide disaster relief the reference carried on the exercise of in follow-up ; While estimating the the depth of extreme rainfall , use separately: World Meteological Organization statistic method, storm transposition and dew point adjustment method and average recurrence interval rainfall depth factor method, inquire into and act as river valley wutu the upper reaches of Keelung and collect in the water area separately, wutu station with flood-diversion stands in the Huo-Shao-Liao station before Yuan-Shan-Tzu flood-diversion, the depth when the extreme rainfall happens separately, step forward and mix the set of design hyetograph by extreme rainfall ,finally,mix geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph afterwards, in order to estimate the flow of flood crest produced cause by extreme rainfall incident .

本文之研究目的系探讨当极端暴雨事件发生於都会区时，推估其洪峰流量以作为后续防救灾演练之参考。在推估极端暴雨之降雨深度时，分别采用：世界气象组织统计法、暴雨移置与露点调整法及平均重现期距雨量因子法，分别推求当基隆河流域五堵上游集水区，员山子分洪前之火烧寮站与分洪后之五堵站，分别发生极端暴雨时之雨量，进一步将极端暴雨量套配设计雨型，最后再搭配地貌型瞬时单位历线模式，以推估因发生极端暴雨事件而产生之洪峰流量。

Traditional maps of population distribution have problems like inadequate area size that is too large, the inapplicability of the administrative division unit in many applications and the change of the administrative boundaries over time.

为了改善人口分布图的缺失，现今已有许多人口分布的推估方式，然而这些推估方式各有优缺点，以往研究大多使用单一推估方式，近来有研究提出多层式架构概念，将各种推估方式作一整合，达到截长补短之效果。

The front zone of a nappe is an important component part of a nappe.Its deformation expresses both the push action and stress release during the nappe development and the interaction with the outer margin.Tectonists pay attention to this problem.

推覆体前锋带是推覆体的重要组成，其变形特点既反映了推覆体发展过程中的推覆动力的作用和应力消失，又反映了受外缘抗阻的相互作用，这方面的研究受到国内外构造学家的关注。

In the second part, this article gives descriptions about the effects ofpresumptions on the Burden of Proof in detail in the civil law and common law. In thecivil law, as a special provision of Burden of Proof, the presumption of law make theburden of production and the Burden of Proof shift to the adversary. In the commonlaw, there is a difficult wok to make a choice between shifting the burden ofproduction and shifting both of the burden of production and the burden ofpersuasion.

第二部分，就两大法系中推定对举证责任产生什么样的影响分别作了论述，大陆法系认为法律推定是一种特殊的举证责任规范，它转移结果意义上的举证责任和行为意义上的举证责任；英美法系法律推定在推定是只转移提供证据的责任还是及转移提供证据的责任又转移说服责任之间徘徊。

In prime number distributed research process,and through established one kind of new sieve method and the stair theory,this article obtained about three group of prime number distribution recurrence formula: The 1st is not bigger than x the prime number integer recurrence formula;The 2nd is not bigger than x the twin prime integer recurrence formula;The(3rd Recurrence) formula.

在研究素数分布过程中，通过创立一种新的筛法与台阶理论，得到关于素数分布的三组递推公式：不大于x的素数个数与孪生素数对数量的递推公式；不大于x的孪生素数个数的递推公式；任意偶数x≥6表为两个奇素数之和与孪生素数对数量对数的递推公式。

In order to discuss different teaching effect based on the fact, select palm-up attack→ palm-down quick push→ left push and right attack→palm-down slow chopping and down slow chopping→ palm-down quick push→palm-up attack→left push and right attack, compare to traditional teaching program.this research has been done in grade 2001、2002 students at ChengDu PE institute, According to analyse the research data and show, a program is better than B and C.

为了探讨不同程序的教学效果，根据现实条件，选出正手攻球→反手快推→左推右攻→反手慢搓和反手慢搓→反手快推→正手攻球→左推右攻与传统教学程序进行对照实验研究。实验在成都体育学院体育系2001级和2002级中进行，经对实验数据进行统计检验，结果显示：A教学程序优于B和C教学程序。

The QPF results, before and after the mean-field bias adjustment using a multiplicative factor determined based on radar–rain gauge comparisons of the last hour, were compared using rain gauges.

用外推开始前1小时的雷达1小时累积降水和雨量计测值计算平均校准因子，对外推得到的雨量场进行校准后，可以明显提高外推1小时流域面雨量的精度，对外推2小时流域面雨量的精度也有所提高。

The QPF results, before and after the mean-field bias adjustment using a multiplicative factor determined based on radar–rain gauge comparisons of the last hour, were compared using rain gauges. Results show that the QPF results after the adjustment were better than the QPF results before the adjustment.

用外推开始前1小时的雷达1小时累积降水和雨量计测值计算平均校准因子，对外推得到的雨量场进行校准后，可以明显提高外推1小时流域面雨量的精度，对外推2小时流域面雨量的精度也有所提高。

In the field of spaceborne remote sensing, a geometric collinearity equation of pushbroom sensor with the Kepler parameters of the satellite orbit and the attitudes of sensor has been developed. Testing the sensor model on a SPOT-5 imagery, the planimetric accuracy of object positioning is 83.392m on the ground. According to the orbital dynamical model and the kinematics model of satellite attitude, an algorithm of extrapolative location is developed. Testing the algorithm on CBERS-2 high resolution satellite imageries of central China, when the depth of extrapolation is 300km, the planimetric precision is 53.555m including the measurement errors as well as the modeling error over than the 568m which is the planimetric precision of systematic rectification.

航天遥感方面，利用6个卫星轨道开普勒参数和3个传感器姿态建立了推扫式卫星遥感影像的严格构像方程，经对一景SPOT-5影像实施无地面控制对地目标定位获得了83.392m的平面精度；根据遥感卫星的运动规律，提出了卫星轨道参数、传感器姿态和扫描侧视角的外推算法，用于资源二号卫星影像的外推对地目标定位，当外推深度达300km时，目标定位精度不低于50m。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷