控制原理

We obtain the stabilization of phase-field system via inner feedback control and establish the Pontryagin's maximum principle for the controlled Boussinesq system with state constricted.

我们研究了受内反馈控制的phase-field系统的稳定性；给出了具有内控制的Boussinesq方程的最大值原理；对2维Boussinesq方程时间最优控制问题给出了最大值原理。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

This paper introduces the development and principle, and present study situation of electrohydraulic proportional control system, and the work principle and every component of electrohydraulic proportional valve-controlled motor system of test platform are analyzed in detail, establishing the mathematics model of the valve-controlled motor system.

本文介绍了电液比例控制系统的发展、原理及目前的研究现状，对试验台的电液比例阀控马达速度控制系统的工作原理及各组成部件进行了详细的分析介绍，建立了阀控马达速度控制系统的数学模型。

This paper studies a single phase voltage SPWM inverter based on repetitive control, whose key point is achieving a good sinusoidal output wave. Firstly, this paper detailed discusses the inverter system"s working characters and mathematic model. Then repetitive control technique and the choice of its parameters, the whole system"s stability, the strategy of closed-loop control are discussed. Finally

本文首先阐述了逆变系统的工作原理，对单相逆变电源的建模进行了详细讨论；然后论述了重复控制技术理论的原理，重复控制系统参数的选择、整个系统的稳定性、闭环反馈控制的策略；最后给出了基于MATLAB的仿真结果和基于单片机C8051作控制系统的实验结果，并对实验过程中存在的问题进行了详细的讨论。

On ultra precision lathe, author propose the principle of error in-process measurement and compensation of cylinder, end and contour, and use adjusted straightedge and sensor to build error on-line measurement and compensation control system of end turning.

研究了基于模糊数和插值原理的模糊控制算法，并用该算法实现了压电陶瓷微动刀架伺服系统的闭环控制，使其控制精度达到了±0.01μm；在超精密车床上，提出了圆柱面、端面和轮廓加工的误差在线测量与补偿原理，并利用标定的直尺和传感器建立了端面车削误差在线测量和补偿控制系统。

It introduces a kind of novel loading test system, based on the operation principle of damper. this loading system is operated by the driving motor. it realizes the loading, in that the damper has a negative drive force that puts on the motor. Based on the ordinary electromagnetic damper, the thesis presents a novel hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper which has adjustable work characteristic, analyses the working principle and structural feature of the electromagnetic damper, deduces the formulas to calculate the eddy current density through the Electromagnetic theory, analyses the distribution of the eddy current in the cotyloid rotor, and also studies the method of calculating the damp torque, establishes the mathematical model of the electromagnetic damper, analyses the relationship between the electromagnetic damper structural parameter and damp torque, researches the engineering design and analysis method of the electromagnetic damper, provides theory foundation for the design and analysis of the electromagnetic damper, contrives a hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper that satisfies the target request, designs a set of compound excitation electromagnetic damping loading control system whose control core is AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit, analyses the electric circuit part, and carries on the experimental test to this set of electric circuits. Finally it debugs this electromagnetic damping loading system, this system satisfies the target request proposed.

论文提出了一个全新的加载测试系统种类，该加载系统是在阻尼器工作原理基础上，利用电动机拖动阻尼器运转，从而阻尼器产生一个与运动方向相反的阻尼力矩，该力矩作用在电动机上实现对电动机加载测试；同时，论文在一般电磁阻尼器基础上提出了一种新型的可调式复合励磁电磁阻尼器结构，该种阻尼器的工作特性在一定范围内可进行调节；论文分析了电磁阻尼器的工作原理和结构特点，运用电磁场理论分析推导了电磁阻尼器的涡电流密度公式，分析了涡电流在转子杯内的分布图，并对阻尼力矩计算方法进行了研究，建立了电磁阻尼器的数学模型，分析了电磁阻尼器结构参数和阻尼力矩之间的关系，对电磁阻尼器的设计和分析方法进行了研究，为电磁阻尼器的工程设计建立了理论基础；设计了满足技术指标要求的复合励磁电磁阻尼器和一套以AT89C51单片机为控制核心的复合励磁电磁阻尼加载控制系统，对该控制系统硬件电路各部分进行了分析和设计，对软件进行了设计，并对控制电路进行了试验调试，该系统满足所提出的加载指标要求。

The control system includes the 89C51single chip microprocessor and Circuits of restituting position,circuits of exportation and importation, Circuits of translation code, transmission and induction system of temperature, the interface of coefficient, circuits of showing, stashing equipment and circuits of interface.

介绍了电阻炉的工作原理及常规测温的方法；介绍了PC机在温度控制中对数据的采集、处理的相关知识；分析了系统的软、硬件结构及工作原理；基于单片机控制的电阻炉温度控制系统是一种智能型控制系统。

Based on solidification theory and analysis of process of Aluminum alloy Direct Chill casting, the control system of DC casting for big size billet has been designed. For improving the quality of billet-optimized control strategy of cooling water must be determined to eliminate the instability of the traditional feedforward control, PID control and cascade control have been introduced.

通过对铝合金DC铸造工艺过程的分析，建立了铝合金DC铸造的控制系统；在分析DC铸造铸锭结晶凝固原理的基础上，完成了冷却水量自动控制的系统设计，并进行了控制策略的选择；基于对铝合金直接水冷铸造，DC凝固原理和工艺过程的分析，本文提出了大尺寸铝合金圆锭铸造的控制系统设计方案。

The bench-scale equipment of numerical control simulates, the high-performance number electricity mold electricity bench-scale equipment, PLC programs laboratory bench, air operated PLC controls laboratory bench, the microcomputer control central air conditioning laboratory bench, the sensor engineering laboratory equipment; Automobile teaching equipment: PASSAT entire vehicle model, program control showing board, military cross-country vehicle teaching aid series, automobile driving analogous system; multimedia electricity-teaching room, multimedia language sound chamber, entire digital language sound chamber, language study system, teaching VCD series; machinery exhibition cabinet series, hydraulic transmission demonstration, electrical machinery electricity laboratory, project charting laboratory; the electrical machinery controls the laboratory bench, the electron bench-scale equipment, the electrician bench-scale equipment, counts the electricity, the mold electricity laboratory, the micro electricity connection laboratory, the electric power drives laboratory, the microcomputer test installation; central air-conditioning test installation, refrigeration system hot test installation, electrical appliances synthesis test installation; teaching wall map series, teaching blackboard series; The finance and accounting simulates laboratory, simulates the bank laboratory; medicine teaching model; transparent elevator laboratory bench, transparent electrical machinery model, transparent lathe engine bed; universities specialized laboratory bench, physics bench-scale equipment, chemical laboratory equipment, biology bench-scale equipment, middle school necessary instrument.....

数控模拟实验室设备，高性能数电模电实验室设备，PLC编程实验台、气动PLC控制实验台，微机控制中央空调实验台，传感器技术实验室设备；汽车教学设备：帕萨特整车模型、程控示教板，军用越野汽车教具系列，汽车驾驶模拟系统；多媒体电教室，多媒体语音室，全数字语音室，语言学习系统，教学VCD系列；机械陈列柜系列，液压传动演示台，电机电气实验室，工程制图实验室；电机控制实验台，电子实验室设备，电工实验室设备，数电、模电实验室，微电接口实验室，电力拖动实验室，微机实验设备；中央空调实验设备，制冷制热实验设备，家电综合实验设备，教学挂图系列，教学黑板系列；财会模拟实验室，模拟银行实验室；医学教学模型；透明电梯实验台，透明电机模型，透明车床机床；高校专业实验台，电工实训室，电气实训室，单片机实训室，自控原理实训室，电力电子实训室，自动检测与转换实训室，过程控制实训室，电机原理实训室，电机维修维护实训室，可编程序控制器实训室，机电设备安装实训室，机电设备拆装实训室，电气自动化技术教研室，机电一体化综合实训室，数控教学实训室，数控加工实训室，楼宇自动化实验室，自动化设备陈列室，电子测量实验室，液压与气动实验室，工业仿真模型实验室，机电设备故障诊断与维修实训室，物理实验室设备，化学实验室设备，生物实验室设备，中学配套仪器。。。。。

The bench-scale equipment of numerical control simulates, the high-performance number electricity mold electricity bench-scale equipment, PLC programs laboratory bench, air operated PLC controls laboratory bench, the microcomputer control central air conditioning laboratory bench, the sensor engineering laboratory equipment; Automobile teaching equipment: PASSAT entire vehicle model, program control showing board, military cross-country vehicle teaching aid series, automobile driving analogous system; multimedia electricity-teaching room, multimedia language sound chamber, entire digital language sound chamber, language study system, teaching VCD series; machinery exhibition cabinet series, hydraulic transmission demonstration, electrical machinery electricity laboratory, project charting laboratory; the electrical machinery controls the laboratory bench, the electron bench-scale equipment, the electrician bench-scale equipment, counts the electricity, the mold electricity laboratory, the micro electricity connection laboratory, the electric power drives laboratory, the microcomputer test installation; central air-conditioning test installation, refrigeration system hot test installation, electrical appliances synthesis test installation; teaching wall map series, teaching blackboard series; The finance and accounting simulates laboratory, simulates the bank laboratory; medicine teaching model; transparent elevator laboratory bench, transparent electrical machinery model, transparent lathe engine bed; universities specialized laboratory bench, physics bench-scale equipment, chemical laboratory equipment, biology bench-scale equipment, middle school necessary instrument.....

教学设备、教学仪器、教学模型、教育设备、数控模拟实验室设备、高性能数电模电实验室设备、 PLC编程实验台、气动PLC控制实验台、微机控制中央空调实验台、传感器技术实验室设备、汽车教学设备、帕萨特整车模型、程控示教板、军用越野汽车教具系列、汽车驾驶模拟系统；多媒体电教室、多媒体语音室、全数字语音室、语言学习系统、教学VCD系列、机械陈列柜系列、液压传动演示台、电机电气实验室、工程制图实验室、电机控制实验台、电子实验室设备、电工实验室设备、数电、模电实验室、微电接口实验室，电力拖动实验室、微机实验设备、中央空调实验设备、制冷制热实验设备、家电综合实验设备、教学挂图系列、教学黑板系列、财会模拟实验室、模拟银行实验室、医学教学模型、透明电梯实验台、透明电机模型、透明车床机床、高校专业实验台、电工实训室、电气实训室、单片机实训室、自控原理实训室、电力电子实训室、自动检测与转换实训室、过程控制实训室、电机原理实训室、电机维修维护实训室、可编程序控制器实训室、机电设备安装实训室、机电设备拆装实训室、电气自动化技术教研室、机电一体化实训室、数控教学实训室、数控加工实训室、楼宇自动化实验室、自动化设备陈列室、电子测量实验室、液压与气动实验室、工业仿真模型实验室、机电设备故障诊断与维修实训室、物理实验室设备、化学实验室设备、生物实验室设备、中学配套仪器。。。。。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。